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ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
Nombre comercial
Ulin
Nombre científico (con autor)
Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsmann & Binnendijk
Familia
Lauraceae
Nombres Comunes
Yam muk; Terbelian; Telian; Tebelian; Tanoedlen; Tadien; Sakian; Oelin; Melangganai; Lampahoeng; Ku`an tin; Kayu besi; Kajoe besi; Kajo taha; Im muk; Ijzerhout; Caju baelian; Borneosch ijerhout; Boelian; Belian wi; Belian tembaga; Belian kapur; Belian griting; Belian buloh; Belian bulch; Balian; Belian (Indonesia); Tabulin (Indonesia); Tihin (Indonesia); Onglen (Indonesia); Bajujang (Indonesia); Ulin (Indonesia); Belian (Sarawak); Onglen ulin (Indonesia); Billian (Indonesia); Tambusian (Sabah); Tambulian (Philippines); Borneo ironwood (United Kingdom); Legno ferro di borneo (Italy)
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
It is an evergreen tree of up to 40 m tall. The bole is straight, branchless for up to 20 m but usually less, sometimes slightly fluted at the base, up to 150 cm in diameter. The buttresses are many, small and rounded, giving the base an elephant-foot lik
Hábitat natural
Generally a species of lowland primary forest. Belian or ironwood is one of the most renowned timbers of Borneo. Indonesia has banned the export of belian and Sarawak has placed restrictions on export; Sabah and Kalimantan continue to export it. Regenerat
Distribución natural
It can be found throughout the lowlands of Sabah extending into the remainder of Borneo, other Indonesian islands, and the Philippines; occasionally abundant.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Intervessel pits scalariform. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Multipl Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells (chambered cells). Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
Its odor resembles lemons.
Color
The sapwood is pale yellowish. The heartwood varies from yellow-brown to reddish yellow-brown, becoming dark brown or almost black on exposure.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
3
Grano
It is straight, only occasionally interlocked.
Veta
The texture is from fine to medium.
Brillo
The heartwood is somewhat lustrous.
Durabilidad Natural
It is very durable and very resistant to teredos and termites attack.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
1
Contenido de sílice
Silica Content: It is reported to contain up to 0.5% silica. Silica Value: 0.5
Dificultad para impregnar
The heartwood is extremely resistant to preservative treatment.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.88
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
1.02
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
7.7
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.3
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be easy. Drying Defects: Little warping and checking are reported. Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for Thitmin.
Calendario de Secado
UK-B; US-T2-C2
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.8
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1648
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
185212
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
819
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
129
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
1276
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
1094
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
Sawmilling of this species is reportedly easy to fair.
Corte de chapa rotativa
Good veneer can be made, but it is too dense and insufficiently ornamental for this purpose.
Chapa tranchada
Good veneer can be made, but it is too dense and insufficiently ornamental for this purpose.
Pérdida de filo_romado
It blunts saw-teeth fairly rapidly, owing to its hardness. The teeth should be cleaned regularly from oily deposits.
Maquinado general
Special cutters are required.
Cepillado
Planing of this species is reported to it gives good results despite its hardness.
Taladrado
Too high boring speeds may cause burning of the surface.
Escopleado, caja y espiga
It is easy to mortise.
Clavado
Pre-boring is essential.
Encolado
The timber is reported to require special precautions for gluing.
Lijado
This species is reported to be easy to sand.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, shingle
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Puentes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Postes cerca
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Durmientes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
HERRAMIENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Carrocería de camión
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
CONSTRUCCIÓN NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Puertos_pilares
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Shingles
- 77 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume I; Tapajós National Forest
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