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BáLSAMO (Myroxylon balsamum)
Nombre comercial
Bálsamo
Nombre científico (con autor)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms
Familia
LEGUMINOSAE
Nombres Comunes
Incienso Colorado (Paraguay); Sandalo (Costa Rica); Bálsamo (Brazil); Bálsamo (Venezuela); Quina Quina (Perú); Bálsamo (Perú); Bálsamo (Ecuador); Quina Quina De Yungos (Bolivia); Bálsamo (Bolivia); Sándalo (Ecuador); Santos Mahogany; Palo De Bálsamo; Nabal; Incienso (Paraguay); Chirraca; Cedro Chino; Cabriziva; Estoraque (Perú); Pino De Calabria; Greybark Pine; Bosnian Pine; Tache; Tolú; Quina Quina (Bolivia); Quina (Argentina); Óleo Vermelho (Brazil); Kina; Kina Morado; Kina Kina; Cabreúva Vermelha (Brazil); Cabreúva (Brazil); Caboré; Bálsamo De Tolú; Balsamito; Bálsamo (Colombia)
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Toluifera balsamum L.; Myroxylon balsamum var. punctatum (Klotzsch) Harms; Myrospermum toluiferum (A. Rich.) DC.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
This tree is small to medium sized, attaining heights of 15 to 20 m, eventually up to 30 m and diameters of 45 to 90 cm.
Hábitat natural
Myroxylon balsamum is found in the primary and secondary tropical and subtropical forests of America.
Distribución natural
This species extends over a wide area from southern Mexico southward to Argentina.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar t Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma storied. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Occasionally prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Two cells per par Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays storied. Rays commonly 2 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
It has a distinct odor, but no special taste.
Color
The sapwood is pale yellow, clearly differentiated. The heartwood is reddish-brown, darkening to deep red after exposure.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
4
Grano
The grain is interlocked.
Veta
Texture is medium to fine.
Brillo
The wood exhibits a medium luster.
Durabilidad Natural
It is rated as highly resistant to attack by decay fungi. It has good resistance to termites and dry wood insects.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
1
Dificultad para impregnar
This species is impermeable, but for most uses it does not require a preservative treatment.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.84
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.96
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
6.9
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.0
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.7
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1432
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
170077
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
793
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
176
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
155
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
1061
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
1215
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
The timber is reported to be moderately difficult to saw because of hardness.
Pérdida de filo_romado
Blunting effect on cutters is reported to be moderate.
Maquinado general
All machining operations are rather difficult due to interlocked grain. It responds rather poorly to planing, boring, turning, molding, and mortising operations. For best results, carbide-tipped tools are recommended.
Torneado
30
Clavado
Nailing is difficult, pre-boring is recommended.
Lijado
Sanding characteristics are rated as satisfactory.
Sacar lustre
The timber is reported to have excellent polishing characteristics.
Facilidad para herramientas manuales
It is a very hard wood, response to hand tools is poor.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Durmientes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Tablas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Peldaños
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
chapa decorativa
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
IMPLEMENTOS DEPORTIVOS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
HERRAMIENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Mangos herramientas
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Mangos agrícolas
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Carrocería de camión
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Pisos de vagones_contenedores
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCCIÓN NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Puertos_pilares
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
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