AKO (Antiaris toxicaria)
Nombre comercial
Ako
Nombre científico (con autor)
Antiaris toxicaria Lesch.
Familia
MORACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Oro (Nigeria); Ogiovu (Nigeria); Kyenkyen (Ghana); Chenchen (Ghana); Ako (Côte d`Ivoire); Akede (Côte d`Ivoire); Antiaris (United Kingdom); Antiaris (Germany); Bonkonko (Zaire); Bonkongo (Zaire); Mumaka (Uganda); Kirundu (Uganda); Mlulu (Tanzania); Mkuzu (Tanzania); Sansama (Angola); Kirundu (Angola); Upas tree; Antiaris (Papua New Guinea); Kamansi (Papua New Guinea); Upas (India); Terap (Malaysia); Nong-nong (Laos); Caay sui (Vietnam); Kapiak (Papua New Guinea); Upas (Philippines); Upas (Indonesia); Ancar (Indonesia); Tatai (Indonesia); Ipoh (Malaysia); Tasem (Sarawak); Aseik (Myanmar); Yuan (Thailand); Yang nong (Thailand)
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Antiaris welwitschii Engl.; Antiaris macrophylla R. Br.; Antiaris africana Engl.; Ambora toxicaria Pers.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
The tree reaches a height of 40 to 50 m, with a straight, cylindrical bole clear to 23 m in length. Trunk diameter attains from 70 up to 170 cm and is sometimes buttressed.
Hábitat natural
Antiaris toxicaria is found in primary forests and grass savanna forests.
Distribución natural
Distributed throughout the primary forest zone of West, Central and East Africa on widely varying sites.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits sim Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Foto macroscópica de la madera, plano tangencial
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Foto microscópica sección transversal de la madera
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Color
The heartwood is white to light yellowish white, it is not demarcated. The silver figure is barely visible.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
7
Grano
It has highly interlocked grain; special care is needed when drying because of frequent risks of distortion.
Veta
The texture is typically medium to coarse.
Brillo
The wood luster is reported to be rather low.
Durabilidad Natural
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. Heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
5
Internal growth stresses
Residual stresses are reported to be absent.
Contenido de sílice
Silica Content: This timber is reported to have a negligible silica content. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.02
Dificultad para impregnar
Easy to treat with a full penetration of the preservative products using vacuum-pressure method.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.43
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.47
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
6.9
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.1
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is rapid. Boards 25 mm thick take about 3 months to air dry. Drying Defects: Risk of cupping, shakes tend to open and knots split slightly. Kiln Schedules: Schedule recommended for Black Wattle. The timber kiln dries rapidly but marked collapse may occur in early stages of seasoning. This can be remedied by reconditioning.
Calendario de Secado
FR-10
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.7
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
595
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
91758
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
363
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
40
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
56
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
263
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
362
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
It is easy to saw.
Corte de chapa rotativa
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Chapa tranchada
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Pérdida de filo_romado
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Maquinado general
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Cepillado
Easy; no particular problems.
Moldurado
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Taladrado
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Escopleado, caja y espiga
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Clavado
No particular problem.
Encolado
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Lijado
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Sacar lustre
Needs pre-coating.
Doblar al vapor
Steam bending is difficult.
Facilidad para herramientas manuales
No particular problems.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, PACKING, heavy packing, pallets, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, door core, coffin, moldings, cementboard
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Tablas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Marcos
- 16 - Woods of the World
Peldaños
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneles
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accesorios de madera
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Muebles comunes
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Caras
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
chapa decorativa
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
PALLETS_EMBALAJES
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Envase pesado
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
artesanía
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Alma de puerta
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Ataúd
- 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market
Molduras
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Cementboard
- 81 - Madeiras da Amazônia: descrição do lenho de 40 espécies ocorrentes na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós
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