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BALAU (Shorea laevis)
Nombre comercial
Balau
Nombre científico (con autor)
Shorea laevis Ridley
Familia
Dipterocarpaceae
Nombres Comunes
Balau; Pa-yom dong (Thailand); Bangkirai (Spain); Bangkirai (Italy); Bangkirai (Sweden); Sen (Vietnam); Phchek (Cambodia); Selangan batu (Sarawak); Bangkirai (France); Aek (Thailand); Bangkirai (Netherlands); Yakal (Philippines); Gisok (Philippines); Malaykal (Philippines); Sal (India); Thitya (Myanmar); Bangkirai (United Kingdom); Bangkirai (Germany); Chan (Thailand); Balau simantok (Malaysia); Selangan batu (Sabah); Damar laut (Malaysia); Pooti (Indonesia); Kedawang (Indonesia); Kumus (Indonesia); Selangan batu (Indonesia); Brunas (Indonesia); Benuas (Indonesia); Aggelam (Indonesia); Ca-chac (Vietnam); Bangkirai (Indonesia); Bangkirai (United States of America); Balau Kumus (Malaysia); Sengkawan darat (Malaysia); Kumus (Malaysia)
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Shorea rogersiana Raizada & Smitinand; Shorea laevifolia (Parijs) Endert; Shorea ciliata Ridley
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
It is a very large tree up to 75 m tall. The bole is branchless for 18 to 27 m and up to 210 cm in diameter, with prominent buttresses of up to 6 m high.
Hábitat natural
It occurs in hilly areas at altitudes 200 to 1,000 m, often gregarious, growing on well drained soils.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses common. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
It has no distinct odor, but it has a slightly bitter taste.
Color
The sapwood is sharply demarcated from the yellow-brown heartwood, darkening with age.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
5
Grano
The grain is mostly interlocked.
Veta
Fine texture is reported in this species.
Durabilidad Natural
It is resistant to fungi attack.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
2
Contenido de sílice
Silica Content: It contains 0.1 to 0.4 % of silica. Silica Value: 0
Dificultad para impregnar
The sapwood is permeable, but the heartwood is extremely resistant to preservative treatment, even if incised.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.83
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.96
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
9.3
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.2
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Calendario de Secado
UK-G; JP-7; US-T8-B3
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
2.2
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1473
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
204310
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
795
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
101
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
159
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
1026
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
Considering its density it is moderately easy to cut.
Corte de chapa rotativa
Although lamination is possible, it is unsuitable for the production of veneer and plywood.
Chapa tranchada
Although lamination is possible, it is unsuitable for the production of veneer and plywood.
Maquinado general
It is easy if special sharp cutters are used, but severe difficulties are reported if interlocked grain is present.
Cepillado
The planing of air-dried timber is considered fair to difficult. Picking up is fairly common in the radial faces, a reduced cutting angle of 15 degrees is recommended.
Taladrado
In green condition, it is easy to bore, but boring of air-dried timber is slightly difficult.
Clavado
Pre-boring is required for nailing.
Encolado
It is reported to be easy to glue.
Acabado
It has a good finishing.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar, port storage
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Puentes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Postes de transmisión
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Postes cerca
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Durmientes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
IMPLEMENTOS DEPORTIVOS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
HERRAMIENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Mangos herramientas
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Mangos agrícolas
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
CONTENEDORES
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Duelas toneles
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Carrocería de camión
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Pisos de vagones_contenedores
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCCIÓN NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Puertos_pilares
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Puertos_estantería
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
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