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CARACOLí, ESPAVE (Anacardium excelsum)
Nombre comercial
Caracolí, Espave
Nombre científico (con autor)
Anacardium excelsum (Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth) Skeels
Familia
ANACARDIACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Quina; Pomme caju; Mijagao; Maranon; Hoobodia; Espave; E. Rosado; Cajueiro do campos; Caju do campo; Caju da Malta; Cajou; Cajarana; Bouchi-caju; Espavé (Costa Rica); Nariz (Cuba); Mija (Venezuela); Caracoli (Venezuela); Caracoli (Ecuador); Caracolí (Venezuela); Caracolí (Ecuador); Aspave (Colombia); Caracolí (Colombia); Cajuhy (Brazil); Espavel Rosado; Mijao (Venezuela); Marañón De Montaña; Espavé (Panama); Cashu (Brazil); Caschou (Guyana); Caracoli (Colombia); Caju Da Mata (Brazil); Caju Assu (Brazil); Marañón (Ecuador); Espavel Amarillo; Cahu; Cajuvana; Cajueiro Do Campo (Brazil); Gran Cashew; Wild Cashew; Espavel
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Rhinocarpus excelsa Bertero & Balb. ex Kunth; Anacardium rhinocarpus DC.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
The trees are reported to reach heights of 23 to 30 m, with trunk diameters ranging from 75 to 90 cm. Trees up to 45 m and 150 cm of diameter have also been reported. They develop well-formed and cylindrical boles that are up to two thirds of the height o
Hábitat natural
Anacardium excelsum is one of the largest trees of tropical America, found in gallery forests, generally below elevations of 1,000 m. It is a gregarious species, reportedly grouped in "miguajales" (Venezuela), preferring well drained soils. It is dominan
Distribución natural
From southern Honduras south to Ecuador and east to Venezuela. In Venezuela it is sometimes reported to occur in groups up to 45 individuals per hectare.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coarse throughout the ray cell. V Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform. Non-crystals in axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
It has no characteristic odor or taste.
Color
The sapwood is pale brown color. The heartwood gradually changes into yellowish red color.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
4
Grano
The wood has straight to interlocked grain. The wood presents attractive vessel lines.
Veta
The texture is medium to coarse.
Brillo
The wood has medium to high luster.
Durabilidad Natural
Its resistance to decay varies with type of fungus. Seasoned wood resists termite attack, probably because of gums and oils in the wood which are toxic to insects (but not to humans).
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
1
Contenido de sílice
Silica Content: This species is reported to have high silica contents which has a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools. Silica Value: 1
Dificultad para impregnar
Heartwood penetration is irregular, but the sapwood is easily treatable.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.41
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.44
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
5.4
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
2.8
Calendario de Secado
US-T6-D2; UK-E; JUNAC-A
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.9
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
576
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
85500
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
331
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
63
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
210
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
269
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
It has low resistance to sawing, but woolly surfaces are reported.
Corte de chapa rotativa
It interesting for rotary peeling, it does not need thermal treatments.
Chapa tranchada
It interesting for rotary peeling, it does not need thermal treatments.
Pérdida de filo_romado
The wood of A. excelsum exerts a severe blunting effect due to the silica content.
Cepillado
The wood is reported to be difficult to plane.
Moldurado
The wood is reported to have good molding characteristics.
Torneado
30
Taladrado
Boring properties are reported as fair.
Escopleado, caja y espiga
The wood has good mortising properties.
Clavado
The nail holding properties are fair.
Encolado
This species is easy to glue.
Lijado
The wood is reported to have poor sanding properties.
Sacar lustre
This species is reported to be easy to polish.
Facilidad para herramientas manuales
It behaves well with hand tools.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, frames, steps, fittings, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, turned furniture, cutlery, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, light packing, pallets, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, door core, cementboard, scale model
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Viguetas
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Tablas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Marcos
- 16 - Woods of the World
Peldaños
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Accesorios de madera
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Persianas
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Muebles comunes
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Gabinetes
- 24 - Empire Timbers
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
chapa decorativa
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Artículos torneados
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
mangos de cuchillos
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
HERRAMIENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Mangos herramientas
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Mangos agrícolas
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
PALLETS_EMBALAJES
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Envase liviano
- 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Alma de puerta
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Cementboard
- 81 - Madeiras da Amazônia: descrição do lenho de 40 espécies ocorrentes na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós
Maquetas
- 83 - Algunas caracteristicas fisicomecanicas de la madera de tres especies de la cordillera NeoVolcanica
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