CASTANHEIRO (Bertholletia excelsa)
Nombre comercial
Castanheiro
Nombre científico (con autor)
Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.
Familia
LECYTHIDACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Noz-Do-Brasil (Brazil); Castanheira (Brazil); Castanha-Vermelha (Brazil); Castanha-Sapucaia (Brazil); Castanha-Do-Maranhão (Brazil); Castanha-Do-Brasil (Brazil); Castanha-De-Paca (Brazil); Cassipá (Brazil)
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Bertholletia nobilis Miers; Barthollesia excelsa Silva Manso
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
The trees are reported to be very large, reaching heights of up to 50 m, occasionally up to 60 m, with trunk diameters of 100 to 180 cm. The boles are cylindrical, with commercial lengths of about 25 m.
Hábitat natural
This species is reported to be widely distributed all over the Amazon region. Bertholletia excelsa is a gregarious species, found in non-inundable areas of terra firme forests. The trade of timber of B. excelsa is restricted in Brazil. Vulnerable(IBAMA,2
Distribución natural
In Brazil it is found in the Amazon basin from Goias and Mato Grosso, up to Rondonia and Acre states in the south.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits Occasionally axial parenchyma apparent with the naked eye. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines (included in reticulate and scalariform). Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Foto macroscópica de la madera, plano tangencial
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Foto microscópica sección transversal de la madera
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
Odor and taste are indistinct.
Color
The heartwood is pink grayish in color, slightly differentiated from the sapwood which is yellowish gray.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
5
Grano
The grain is usually irregular.
Veta
The wood is typically medium in texture.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
3
Dificultad para impregnar
B. excelsa is difficult to treat, with low retention of preservatives.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.71
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.80
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
9.4
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.7
Defectos por secado
Drying Defects: Slight checking and warping are reported.
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
2.0
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1183
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
128000
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
595
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
101
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
117
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
667
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
823
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
The response of this wood in sawing is fair.
Maquinado general
Workability of this timber is considered as good.
Cepillado
Planing of this species is fair.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
HOUSING GENERAL, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Accesorios de madera
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Gabinetes
- 24 - Empire Timbers
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
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