CEIBA, FROMAGER (Ceiba pentandra)
Nombre comercial
Ceiba, Fromager
Nombre científico (con autor)
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
Familia
BOMBACACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Samaúma Lisa (Brazil); Samaúma (Brazil); Cotton Wood (United Kingdom); Ceiba (United States of America); Panya (Trinidad & Tobago); Panya (Jamaica); Panya (Nicaragua); Paineira (Brazil); Ceiba (Perú); Huimba (Perú); Guambush (Ecuador); Uchuputu (Ecuador); Mapajo (Bolivia); Lupuna blanca (Perú); Kalngebárd; Ceiba (Venezuela); Kapok; Kalngebard; Kaddo Bakkoe; Fuma; Doum; Cyyba; Cutin; Cottontree; Cottin; Ceibo;Xiloxochitl; White cotton-tree; Sumaumeira; Sumauma commum; Silk-cotton-tree; Silk-cotton; Seiba; Poxot; Pochotle; Pochotl; Pochote; Piton; Piim; Peem; Ogouma; Ofua; M`fuma; Konde; Kapokier; Grand bois; Fromagier; Enyenoa; Egungun; Cotonnier; Corkwood; Ceibon; Cabellos de angel; Busana; Busan; Bousana; Bouday; Bossongo; Bois coton; Betenbi; Benten; Bentegnie; Bentang; Baumwollenbaum; Baumwollbaum; Banan; Bana; Arbre a coton; Arbol de algodon; Odouma (Gabon); Bouma (Gabon); Doukm (Gabon); Odouma (Cameroon); Bouma (Cameroon); Silk cotton-tree (United States of America); Ceiba (United Kingdom); Ceiba (Germany); Kakantrie (Netherlands); Fromager (France); Fuma (Congo); Fuma (Zaire); Doum (Cameroon); Okha (Nigeria); Araba (Nigeria); Ghe (Liberia); Onyina (Ghana); Fromager (Côte d`Ivoire); Enia (Côte d`Ivoire); Banda (Sierra Leone); Ngwe (Sierra Leone) Ceiba De Garzón; Bulik; Bongo; Bonga (Colombia); Batte Ni Gan` Ken; Atgodon Di Manila; Araba; Algodon De Manila; Sumahuma; Kumaka; Ceiba (Colombia); Cabello De Angel; Cabello De Algodón; Árbol De Algodón (Mexico); Pachote; Fromager (Guyana); Ceibón (Nicaragua); Ceibo Jabillo; Ceiba Yuca (Venezuela); Ceiba De Lana; Kapok Tree; Cork Wood; White Cotton Tree; Silk-Cotton Tree; Cotton Tree; Ceiba (Bolivia)
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Eriodendron anfractuosum DC.; Ceiba thonningii A. Chev.; Bombax pentandrum L.; Bombax occidentale Spreng.; Bombax guineense Thonn. in Schumann; Ceiba guineensis (Thonn.) A. Chev.; Ceiba casearia Medik.; Ceiba caribaea (DC.) A. Chev.; Ceiba anfractuosa (DC.) Maza; Bombax pentandrum L.; Bombax occidentale Spreng; Bombax guineense Thonn. in Schumann
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
The trees are reported to be some of the largest in the Amazonia, reaching heights of up to 60 m, with trunk diameters of 200 cm or more. The boles are cylindrical over the well developed buttresses, covered with spines, with commercial lengths of about
Hábitat natural
Ceiba pentandra is a pioneer, fast growing, species found in the humid areas of varzea primary forests and in secondary forests. In Bolivia it is reported in transitional savanna and rain forests at altitudes of about 250 m. In Africa Ceiba pentandra is found more or less scattered in secondary forest formations.
Distribución natural
It is reported in tropical America, West Africa, Southeast Asia and throughout the West Indies.
Existencia de plantaciones?
This species is planted in tropical areas throughout the world.
Usos No-maderables
The seeds are crushed and used in soups in Africa, they are reported to contain 20 to 25% of an edible oil which is also used as a lubricant and for soap manufacture.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Occasionally wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines (in Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays.
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Foto macroscópica de la madera, plano tangencial
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Foto microscópica sección transversal de la madera
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Color
The sapwood is pale white. The heartwood is described as reddish or pale -yellow.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
6
Grano
It has highly interlocked grain; special care is needed when drying because of frequent risks of distortion.
Veta
Texture is medium to coarse.
Brillo
Luster is medium to rather low.
Durabilidad Natural
This species is considered as non durable to decay or insect attacks.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
5
Internal growth stresses
No growth stresses are reported in this species.
Contenido de sílice
Negligible contents of silica are found in timber of this species. Amounts over 0.05% may affect the wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Dificultad para impregnar
Easy to treat with a full penetration of the preservative products using vacuum-pressure method.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.31
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.33
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
5.2
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
2.5
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: The timber seasons well with little degrade.
Calendario de Secado
US-T10-D5S; UK-J; JUNAC-A; FR-4
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
2.1
Programa de Secado
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_USA_ENG.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_British_ENG.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_JUNAC_SPA.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
339
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
41797
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
198
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
21
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
37
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
125
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
192
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
This wood is difficult to saw cleanly, because it is very soft and tends to tear out or leave fuzzy edges.
Corte de chapa rotativa
This species is used for peeling, it does not require a thermal treatment.
Chapa tranchada
This species is used for peeling, it does not require a thermal treatment.
Pérdida de filo_romado
The wood exerts a slight blunting effect on cutters.
Maquinado general
This species is easy to machine.
Cepillado
Cutting edges must be kept very sharp since worked surfaces tend to be woolly. Reduced attack angles are recommended.
Moldurado
The wood is rated as fairly difficult to mould. Fuzzy surfaces are reported to be common.
Torneado
30
Taladrado
The wood is extremely soft. It tends to tear out and leave woolly surfaces in boring operations.
Clavado
Nailing is easy, but nail-holding properties are very poor.
Encolado
The wood is reported to glue well.
Lijado
Particular care is needed to avoid woolly aspect of the surface.
Sacar lustre
Needs pre-coating.
Facilidad para herramientas manuales
The material is reported to be easy to work. Torn grain is common.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
HOUSING GENERAL, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, cores, common veneer, TURNING, SPORTS, table tennis, PACKING, light packing, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, door core, scale model
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Paneles
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accesorios de madera
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Muebles comunes
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Gabinetes
- 24 - Empire Timbers
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Caras
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Almas
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Chapa rotativa
- 29 - Embassy of Ecuador in Japan
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
IMPLEMENTOS DEPORTIVOS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Pin-pong
- 41 - Embassy of the Philippines
PALLETS_EMBALAJES
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Envase liviano
- 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
CONSTRUCCIÓN NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Botes
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
artesanía
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Alma de puerta
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Maquetas
- 83 - Algunas caracteristicas fisicomecanicas de la madera de tres especies de la cordillera NeoVolcanica
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