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COPAIBA (Copaifera officinalis)

Nombre comercial

Copaiba

Nombre científico (con autor)

Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L.

Familia

LEGUMINOSAE

Nombres Comunes

Caniva (Panama); Balsamo (Trinidad & Tobago); Bálsamo De Copaiba (Cuba); Aceite (Venezuela); Copaiba (Perú); Cupay (Paraguay); Aceite Copaiba (Colombia); Canime (Colombia); Bálsamo De Copa (Cuba); Copaiba (Colombia); Copaiba (Ecuador); Copaiba (Perú); Palo De Aceite; Pau Olho (Brazil); Pau De Óleo (Brazil); Aceite (Venezuela); Currucay; Camiba; Cabimo; Copaíba (Brazil); Copahyba (Brazil); Copahiba (Brazil)

Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)

Copaiva officinalis Jacq.; Copaifera jacquinii Desf.; Copaiba officinalis Adans.

DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL

Descripción botánica

It is a large tree, reaching heights of up to 40 m, with trunk diameters of 60 cm. The boles are cylindrical, without buttresses, and commercial lengths of about 20 m.

Hábitat natural

Copaifera officinalis is spread in tropical America in a wide variety of habitats in tropical rain and dry forests. It prefers well drained sites.

Distribución natural

The natural growth range of this species is Central America and tropical South America, it is also grows in the Caribbean.

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IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA

Descripción anatómica de la madera

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. I Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma in thick bands. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Two cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Foto macroscópica de la madera, plano radial
  • Foto microscópica sección transversal de la madera

Disponibilidad

Status de protección por CITES

Unrestricted

DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA

Olor

It has no distinct odor or taste.

Color

The sapwood is pinkish red, the heartwood suddenly changes into yellowish red.

Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)

3

Grano

Straight or interlocked grain is often found in this species.

Veta

The wood is typically medium in texture.

Brillo

The wood surfaces tend to be moderately to highly lustrous

Durabilidad Natural

Copaiba timber is reported as moderately durable against decay and insects attack.

Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)

3

Dificultad para impregnar

The timber is difficult to treat with preservatives.

PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA

Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)

0.61

Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)

0.67

Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)

6.6

Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)

4.2

Defectos por secado

Ease of Drying: This species air seasons rapidly and almost without defects. Drying Defects: In Colombia risk of twisting and cupping is reported.

Calendario de Secado

JUNAC-A

Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)

1.6

PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA

PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA

Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)

911

Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)

80000

Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)

479

Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)

92

Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)

116

Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)

537

Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)

622

TRABAJABILIDAD

Aserrado

This species is easy to saw.

Corte de chapa rotativa

Light Copaifera species are reported to be interesting for peeling, the heavier species can be sliced.

Chapa tranchada

Light Copaifera species are reported to be interesting for peeling, the heavier species can be sliced.

Cepillado

Planing operations are rather easy.

Moldurado

Molding is reported to be easy.

Torneado

30

Taladrado

This species is easy to bore.

Usos Reportados

USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)

HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, TURNING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, door core, moldings

VIVIENDA GENERAL
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
vigas
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Viguetas
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Tablas
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Marcos
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Peldaños
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneles
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accesorios de madera
  • 19 - Silica in Timbers
Persianas
  • 20 - Prospect: The wood database
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Caras
  • 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Torneado
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Carrocería de camión
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Alma de puerta
  • 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Molduras
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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