CUMARU (Dipteryx spp)
Nombre comercial
Cumaru
Nombre científico (con autor)
Dipteryx spp.
Familia
LEGUMINOSAE
Nombres Comunes
Sarrapia (Venezuela); Koemarroe (Surinam); Tonka (Surinam); Shihuahuaco Amarillo (Perú); Charapilla (Perú); Tonka (French Guiana); Gaiac De Cayenne (French Guiana); Kumaru (Guyana); Tonka Bean (Guyana); Sarrapia (Colombia); Cumarurana (Brazil); Champanha (Brazil); Cumaru Ferro (Brazil); Almendrillo (Bolivia); Ebo; Almendro; Cumaru-Roxo (Brazil); Cumaru (Brazil)
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
Dipteryx are large trees, reaching heights of up to 40 m, with trunk diameters of 70 cm in the average, often up to 120 cm or more. The boles are cylindrical, with commercial lengths of about 18 to 24 m.
Hábitat natural
Dipteryx trees are found in primary tropical rain forests. They develop better in well-drained, gravelly or sandy soils.
Distribución natural
It is commonly found in the forests of Central America and Tropical South America. The genus is reported to be distributed from Honduras southward to Perú and Bolivia.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Simple perforation plates. Int Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform. Rays storied. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Foto macroscópica de la madera, plano tangencial
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Foto microscópica sección transversal de la madera
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
The wood of Dipteryx species has a distinct cumarin odor.
Color
The color of the heartwood is described as brown yellow to reddish brown, with dark fine veins.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
2
Grano
The grain is frequently interlocked, sometimes severely.
Veta
The wood is medium textured.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
2
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.92
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
1.07
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
7.9
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
5.5
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: Drying is reported to be rapid. Drying Defects: Slight tendency to checking, severe cupping.
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.4
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1620
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
224180
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1070
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
Cutting resistance is generally high.
Corte de chapa rotativa
This species is interesting for slicing. Thermal treatments are recommended.
Chapa tranchada
This species is interesting for slicing. Thermal treatments are recommended.
Pérdida de filo_romado
Wood of this species exerts a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools.
Cepillado
Planing operations are difficult due to interlocked grain.
Torneado
30
Clavado
Pre-boring is necessary.
Encolado
Special precaution needed for gluing operations.
Sacar lustre
It has a good polishing.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, SPORTS, bowling polo balls, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat fins, boat deck, port pillar, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, axle, yoke
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Puentes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Postes de transmisión
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Poste de palizada
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Postes cerca
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Barandilla
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crucetas
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Durmientes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Viguetas
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Tablas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Marcos
- 16 - Woods of the World
Peldaños
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
chapa decorativa
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
artículos torneados
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Artículos torneados
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
IMPLEMENTOS DEPORTIVOS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
bolillos (Tacos)
- 40 - Internet
HERRAMIENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Mangos herramientas
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Mangos agrícolas
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Carrocería de camión
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Pisos de vagones_contenedores
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCCIÓN NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
botes_escuadras
- 58 - Guía de Árboles de Bolivia
Botes_cubierta
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Puertos_pilares
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Puertos_estantería
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Ejes
- 73 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Yokes
- 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
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