FRAMIRé (Terminalia ivorensis)
Nombre comercial
Framiré
Nombre científico (con autor)
Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev.
Familia
COMBRETACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Baji (Sierra Leone); Framiré (Côte d`Ivoire); Lidia (Cameroon); Yellow terminalia; Yellow pine; Ubiri; Tuhidya; Tuhidia; Tewogboye; Shingle wood; Satin-wood; Ronko; Owewe; Oweive; Ouhidji; Onidjo; Onhidgo; Okpoha; Nkondi; Nkombe; N`dagobrohia; Mboti; Lidia; Lauri; Kokango; Kekange; Ka ronko; Indigbo; Ijaws; Gbasi; Framine; Frameri; Fira-wase; Fela; Fataromile; Farayomile; Farayemile; F`araeneri; Epepe; Emri; Emine; Emil; Emen; Egoyne-nebi; Egoyne-lukan; Egoyne nebi; Egoyne lukan; Egoyn-odan; Egoyn odan; Eghoinmebbi; Eghoin-nebi; Efremeli; Ebi; Dzogbedodo; Cauri; Buna; Buma; Brimstone-wood; Bragba; Bouri; Boti; Bona; Blie; Black-barked terminalia; Black bark; Be-ie; Baye; Bassi; Basio; Banidi; Bajii; Bai-ti; Bai; Bahi; Bagyi; Awunshin; Amire; African yellow wood; African greenheart; Afia; Afara-dudu; Afara dudu; Afara duclu; Ada boumbra; Black Afara (Nigeria); Idigbo (United Kingdom); Lidia Lidia (Cameroon); Idigbo (Nigeria); Emeri (Ghana); Framire (Côte d`Ivoire); Baji (Liberia)
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
The tree reaches a height of 50 m. The bole is straight and clear to 23 m in length, buttressed and frequently fluted. The trunk diameter attains 100 to 170 cm.
Hábitat natural
Terminalia ivorensis is found scattered, it is abundant in primary, secondary and transitional forests.
Distribución natural
West tropical Africa from Guinea to Cameroon.
Existencia de plantaciones?
It is a medium rotation species for plantation. The duration of the rotation is 30 years, to reach 40 to 45 cm diameter, or 40 years, to reach 45 to 50 cm in diameter.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar t Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Non-crystals in axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays commonly 2 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Foto macroscópica de la madera, plano tangencial
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Foto microscópica sección transversal de la madera
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Color
The heartwood is yellowish white to pale yellowish-brown, often greenish, it is not clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine (barely visible).
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
6
Grano
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Veta
Medium texture is reported in this species.
Brillo
Timber of this species is low in luster.
Durabilidad Natural
Moderately durable to decay. Without preservative treatment, this species can be used only under risk of occasional re-humidification. It is not suited for uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Sensible to termites attack. The heart
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
3
Internal growth stresses
Growth stresses are reported in this species.
Contenido de sílice
Silica Content: This timber is reported to have a negligible silica content. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0
Dificultad para impregnar
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.46
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.50
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
5.2
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
3.6
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed.
Calendario de Secado
FR-4
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.5
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
728
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
115674
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
445
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
53
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
58
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
301
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
402
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
It is easy to saw.
Corte de chapa rotativa
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Chapa tranchada
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Pérdida de filo_romado
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Maquinado general
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Cepillado
Easy; no particular problems.
Moldurado
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Torneado
30
Taladrado
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Escopleado, caja y espiga
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Clavado
No particular problem.
Encolado
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Lijado
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Sacar lustre
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Doblar al vapor
This species can be used for steam bending.
Facilidad para herramientas manuales
No particular problems.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, moldings
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Viguetas
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Tablas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Marcos
- 16 - Woods of the World
Peldaños
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneles
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accesorios de madera
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Muebles comunes
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Caras
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
chapa decorativa
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
artículos torneados
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Artículos torneados
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
mangos de cuchillos
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Hormas zapato
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
artesanía
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Molduras
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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