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GONçALO-ALVEZ, JOBILLO (Astronium graveolens)
Nombre comercial
Gonçalo-Alvez, Jobillo
Nombre científico (con autor)
Astronium graveolens Jacq.
Familia
ANACARDIACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Ron Ron; Palo De Culebra; Palo De Cera; Jobillo; Guarita; Gonçalo Alves (Brazil); Gateado; Frijolillo; Ciruelillo; Potrico; Zorro; Zebra Wood; Yomato; Vermelho (Brazil); Ubatin; Tibigaro; Rorón; Quebracho; Quebracha; Hormigo; Locuswood; Jenjiura; Guasango; Urunday; Tiger Wood; Bossona; Bois De Zebre; Urunday-Pará (Brazil); Mura; Zorrowood; Zebrawood; Tigerwood; Brazilian Kingwood; Gonçalo Alves Rajado Branco (Brazil); Guarabu Encirado (Brazil); Guarabu Bata (Brazil); Guarabu Rajado (Brazil); Jejuira (Brazil); Gusanero; Muiraquatiara (Brazil); Yoke; Kingwood
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Astronium planchonianum Engl.; Astronium graveolens var. planchoniana Engl.; Astronium graveolens var. inodorum Triana & Planch; Astronium graveolens var. brasiliensis Engl; Astronium fraxinifolium var. glabrum Engl.; Astronium fraxinifolium Schott ex Spreng.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
The trees can reach heights of 40 m, with trunk diameters ranging from 60 to 100 cm or more. They develop well-formed and cylindrical boles clear up to two thirds or more of the height of the tree. This species is reported to present narrow buttresses of
Hábitat natural
Astronium species are found in primary, rarely in secondary, forests. It is also reported in Bolivia, in the humid savanna forests.
Distribución natural
Central America and northern South America. It is common from Mexico to Bolivia (Beni).
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coarse in marginal rows. Vessel-ray pits larger than the intervessel pits. Occasionally intervess Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly Septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
It has no discernible odor or taste.
Color
The sapwood is clearly demarcated from the heartwood. The heartwood is usually reddish-brown or orange brown, with dark brown streaks, darkening after exposure.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
2
Grano
Grain varies, it is straight to wavy or interlocked.
Veta
Texture is fine to medium.
Durabilidad Natural
It is very durable and it is resistant to wood rotting fungi. It is also resistant to termites and dry-wood insects attacks.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
1
Dificultad para impregnar
It is reported to be extremely resistant to preservative treatment.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.86
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
1.00
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
7.8
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.6
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: It is reported to be easy to moderately difficult to air season, drying is rated as moderate to rapid. Drying Defects: Slight warping and checking.
Calendario de Secado
US-T3-C2; UK-C
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.7
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1502
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
183812
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
752
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
136
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
132
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
1068
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
1043
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
It is a very heavy wood and it requires power for sawing.
Corte de chapa rotativa
This species is interesting for slicing.
Chapa tranchada
This species is interesting for slicing.
Pérdida de filo_romado
Wood of this species produces a moderate blunting effect. Tools reinforced with carbide-tipped blades and cutters are recommended.
Cepillado
Planing operations are difficult, with rough surfaces. Frequently torn grain is reported.
Torneado
30
Clavado
Pre-boring is recommended in nailing.
Encolado
Special precaution is recommended in gluing because of the extractives content.
Lijado
The wood is reported to be generally easy to sand.
Acabado
No grain filling is required to obtain a smooth finish.
Sacar lustre
The wood can be polished and finished very easily.
Especies sustitutas
Dalbergia spp.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, paling, rails, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, heavy packing, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Puentes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poste de palizada
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Barandilla
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crucetas
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Durmientes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Viguetas
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Tablas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Marcos
- 16 - Woods of the World
Peldaños
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneles
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Muebles comunes
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
chapa decorativa
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
artículos torneados
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Artículos torneados
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
mangos de cuchillos
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
HERRAMIENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Mangos herramientas
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Mangos agrícolas
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
PALLETS_EMBALAJES
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Envase pesado
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Carrocería de camión
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Pisos de vagones_contenedores
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCCIÓN NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Botes_cubierta
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
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