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MARUPA (Simarouba amara)

Nombre comercial

Marupa

Nombre científico (con autor)

Simarouba amara Aubl.

Familia

SIMAROUBACEAE

Nombres Comunes

Stavewood; Simarruba; Roba; Pitomba; Pau parahyba; Pasa-ak; Paradise tree; Pao pomba; Mountain damson; Marupauba; Marouba; Malacacheta; Cuna; Bois de cayan; Bois blanc; Bitteresche; Bitterash; Assoumaripa; Adonichi; Simarupa (Guyana); Capulli (Ecuador); Marupa (Colombia); Simaruba (Colombia); Palo Blanco (Colombia); Chiriguamo (Bolivia); Amargo (Bolivia); Marupa (Perú); Xpasak; Tamanqueira (Brazil); Soemaroeba; Simaruba (Venezuela); Simarouba (Guyana); Paraiba; Parahyba; Olivo; Negrito; Megrito; Maruba; Guitarro; Cuña (Ecuador); Chiriuana; Cedro Blanco (Venezuela); Cedro Amargo (Ecuador); Aceituno (Guatemala); Caixeta (Brazil); Simarupa (Brazil); Adoonsidero; Walkara; Soemaroepa; Marupá (Brazil); Brazilian White Pine; Bitterwood; Acajou Blanc; Aruba

Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)

Zwingera amara (Aubl.) Willd.

DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL

Descripción botánica

It is reported to attain heights of 15 to 25 m, and trunk diameters of about 50 to 80 cm. The trees often develop straight cylindrical boles that are free of branches for more than half of the total height of the tree.

Hábitat natural

Simarouba amara is a pioneer species found in the drier areas of secondary forests. It presents abundant natural regeneration.

Distribución natural

This species is reported to grow all over tropical America.

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA

Descripción anatómica de la madera

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. I Axial parenchyma apparent with the naked eye. Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/o 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Foto macroscópica de la madera, plano radial
  • Foto microscópica sección transversal de la madera

Disponibilidad

Status de protección por CITES

Unrestricted

DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA

Olor

Odor is indistinct but it has a bitter taste when fresh.

Color

The sapwood is not distinct. The heartwood is whitish or straw colored.

Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)

7

Grano

The grain is typically straight.

Veta

Texture is medium to coarse, and homogeneous.

Brillo

Luster is reported to be rather high.

Durabilidad Natural

It has very low natural resistance to decay, and it is susceptible to attack by termites and dry wood insects.

Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)

5

Internal growth stresses

Residual stresses present in the wood may cause the logs to split while sawing.

Dificultad para impregnar

This wood is very easy to treat, with good retention of preservatives.

PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA

Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)

0.39

Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)

0.42

Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)

7.1

Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)

3.1

Calendario de Secado

JUNAC-A

Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)

2.3

PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA

PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA

Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)

788

Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)

85733

Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)

366

Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)

41

Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)

54

Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)

201

Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)

351

TRABAJABILIDAD

Aserrado

The wood has low resistance to sawing, but freshly felled logs may split due to internal stresses.

Corte de chapa rotativa

The very well shaped logs are reported to peel and slice easily.

Chapa tranchada

The very well shaped logs are reported to peel and slice easily.

Pérdida de filo_romado

Blunting effect on cutting tools is reported to be very slight.

Maquinado general

The timber is reported to work easily in planing and all machining operations to yield smooth and clean surfaces.

Cepillado

The timber is reported to plane easily and yielding smooth and clean surfaces.

Torneado

30

Clavado

Nail holding properties are described as fair to poor because of its softness.

Encolado

The timber is reported to bond well with all types of industrial adhesives.

Lijado

Sanding qualities are rated as good.

Acabado

Grain filling is reported to give the best surface finishing results.

Facilidad para herramientas manuales

The timber is reported to respond well to hand tools.

Usos Reportados

USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)

HOUSING GENERAL, boards, frames, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, light packing, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, shoes, matches, door core, moldings

VIVIENDA GENERAL
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Tablas
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Marcos
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Paneles
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accesorios de madera
  • 19 - Silica in Timbers
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Muebles comunes
  • 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Caras
  • 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
chapa decorativa
  • 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneado
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
HERRAMIENTAS
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Mangos herramientas
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
PALLETS_EMBALAJES
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Envase liviano
  • 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
artesanía
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Zapatos
  • 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Cerillas
  • 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Alma de puerta
  • 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Molduras
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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