NEEM (Azadirachta indica)
Nombre comercial
Neem
Nombre científico (con autor)
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Familia
MELIACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Yepa; Yapa; Veppu; Veppam; Vepa; Venpa; Vempu; Vembu; Taruka; Tamaka; Tama; Sedyappa; Paraiso de la India; Olle-bevu; Nimuri; Nimbay; Nim; Margosa tree; Maranggo; Limbo; Limb; Kohomba; Kai-bevu; Bevu; Bevina; Betain; Bal-nimb; Azad-darakht; Arya-veppu; Agas; Neem; Cornucopia (United Kingdom); Margosa (United Kingdom); Margosa (United States of America); Margousier (France); Nimba (Singapore); Safu dau (Vietnam); Saliam (Thailand); Sadao (Thailand); Cornucopia (United States of America); Ka dao (Laos); Azadirac de l`Inde (France); Kohumba (Singapore); Mambu (Malaysia); Baypay (Malaysia); Intaran (Indonesia); Mimba (Indonesia); Kwinin (Thailand)
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Melia indica (A. Juss.) Brandis
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
It is a small to medium-sized evergreen to deciduous (in drier regions) tree up to 25 m tall. The bole is usually short and branchless for up to 7.5 m, up to 90 cm in diameter, sometimes fluted.
Hábitat natural
Sentang usually grows scattered in secondary forests. It is reported from the lowlands up to 350 m of altitude.
Existencia de plantaciones?
Plantations are reported in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Central and South America.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Vessels of two distinct diameter classes, wood not ring-porous. Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to int Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Color
The heartwood is reddish, becoming reddish-brown upon exposure, distinctly demarcated from the grayish-white sapwood.
Grano
The grain is mostly interlocked.
Veta
A coarse texture is reported in this species.
Durabilidad Natural
It is resistant to termite, powder-post beetle and fungal attacks and even durable under exposed conditions.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
4
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.61
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.67
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
6.2
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.5
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: Plantation material is easy to dry, otherwise it is difficult. Drying Defects: Forest grown stock is reported to be prone to honeycomb and collapse. Kiln Schedules: Kiln drying of heavier grades of eucalyptus timber is only practicable in boards up to 25 mm in thickness. It is strongly recommended to air dry the wood to 30% moisture content prior to kiln drying. Boards of this species wood of 25 m thick will require
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.4
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
805
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
70922
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
469
TRABAJABILIDAD
Corte de chapa rotativa
This species can be used for lamination.
Chapa tranchada
This species can be used for lamination.
Maquinado general
Wood processing is reported to be easy.
Cepillado
Planing operations are rather easy.
Moldurado
It is easy to mold.
Torneado
30
Clavado
Pre-boring is necessary.
Acabado
Finishing of this wood is easy.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, cigar boxes, matches
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneles
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
OTROS E INSTRUMENTOS MUSICALES
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Caja para puros
- 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo
Cerillas
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
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