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IROKO (Milicia regia)
Nom commercial
Iroko
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Milicia regia (A.Chev.) C.C.Berg
Famille
MORACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Semli (Sierra Leone); Semei (Sierra Leone); Rokko (Nigeria); Semli (Liberia); Semei (Liberia); Pau bicho (Guinea-Bissau); siri (Guinea); Odum (Ghana); Iroko (Côte d`Ivoire); Kambala (Belgium); Molundu (Zaire); Mokongo (Zaire); Lusanga (Zaire); Kambala (Zaire); Mandji (Gabon); Abang (Gabon); Abang (Equatorial Guinea); Kambala (Congo); Abang (Cameroon); Mvuli (Uganda); Mvule (Uganda); Mvuli (Tanzania); Mvule (Tanzania); Mvuli (Kenya); Mvule (Kenya); Mvuli (Ethiopia); Mvule (Ethiopia); Tule (Mozambique); Mufala (Mozambique); Moreira (Angola); Iroko
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Maclura regia (A. Chev.) Corner; Chlorophora regia A. Chev.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree reaches a height of 32 to 35 m. Tree is almost unbuttressed. The trunk diameter attains 130 to 200 m.
Habitat naturel
Milicia regia is found in equatorial primary forests, in deciduous and evergreen stands. It is known or inferred that the harvesting of specimens from the wild for international trade has, or may have, a detrimental impact on the species by EITHER exceend
Usages non ligneux
Contains some resins or extracts which could pose problems when machining or finishing.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits lar Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays non-storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The sapwood is yellowish white, it has a thickness of 5 to 7.5 cm. The heartwood is yellow brown to dark brown, it is clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
5
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Texture
This species is reported to have a medium to coarse texture.
Luster
The wood surface is described as low in luster.
Durabilité naturelle
Because of variable resistance to decay, this species can be only considered as durable to decay; it can be utilized without preservative treatment for exterior joinery or similar uses. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attack
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
2
Tensions internes de croissance
No residual stresses are reported in this species.
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: This timber is reported to have a negligible silica content. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.57
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.63
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
5.0
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
3.1
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be good with little or no degrade.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-6
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.6
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
806
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
107054
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
540
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
69
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
84
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
490
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
593
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
It is easy to saw.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Placage tranche
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Effet d'émoussement
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Usinage
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Rabotage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Moulurage
Easy; no particular problems.
Tournage
30
Perçage
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortaisage
Easy; no particular problems.
Clouage
No particular problem.
Collage
Difficult to glue because of the extracts content.
Ponçage
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polissage
Needs pre-coating.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
No particular problems.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pouters
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Solives
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquets
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Marches
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles luxe
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Armoires
- 24 - Empire Timbers
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Tournage
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornements
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Ornements
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Manches de couverts
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Formes à chaussures
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Tonnellerie
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Navires_ponts
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port entreposage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
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