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MARUPA (Simarouba amara)
Nom commercial
Marupa
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Simarouba amara Aubl.
Famille
SIMAROUBACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Stavewood; Simarruba; Roba; Pitomba; Pau parahyba; Pasa-ak; Paradise tree; Pao pomba; Mountain damson; Marupauba; Marouba; Malacacheta; Cuna; Bois de cayan; Bois blanc; Bitteresche; Bitterash; Assoumaripa; Adonichi; Simarupa (Guyana); Capulli (Ecuador); Marupa (Colombia); Simaruba (Colombia); Palo Blanco (Colombia); Chiriguamo (Bolivia); Amargo (Bolivia); Marupa (Peru); Xpasak; Tamanqueira (Brazil); Soemaroeba; Simaruba (Venezuela); Simarouba (Guyana); Paraiba; Parahyba; Olivo; Negrito; Megrito; Maruba; Guitarro; Cuña (Ecuador); Chiriuana; Cedro Blanco (Venezuela); Cedro Amargo (Ecuador); Aceituno (Guatemala); Caixeta (Brazil); Simarupa (Brazil); Adoonsidero; Walkara; Soemaroepa; Marupá (Brazil); Brazilian White Pine; Bitterwood; Acajou Blanc; Aruba
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Zwingera amara (Aubl.) Willd.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
It is reported to attain heights of 15 to 25 m, and trunk diameters of about 50 to 80 cm. The trees often develop straight cylindrical boles that are free of branches for more than half of the total height of the tree.
Habitat naturel
Simarouba amara is a pioneer species found in the drier areas of secondary forests. It presents abundant natural regeneration.
Répartition naturelle
This species is reported to grow all over tropical America.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. I Axial parenchyma apparent with the naked eye. Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/o 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
Odor is indistinct but it has a bitter taste when fresh.
Teinte
The sapwood is not distinct. The heartwood is whitish or straw colored.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
7
Grain
The grain is typically straight.
Texture
Texture is medium to coarse, and homogeneous.
Luster
Luster is reported to be rather high.
Durabilité naturelle
It has very low natural resistance to decay, and it is susceptible to attack by termites and dry wood insects.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
5
Tensions internes de croissance
Residual stresses present in the wood may cause the logs to split while sawing.
Résistance à l'imprégnation
This wood is very easy to treat, with good retention of preservatives.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.39
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.42
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
7.1
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
3.1
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
JUNAC-A
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.3
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_JUNAC_SPA.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
788
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
85733
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
366
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
41
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
54
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
201
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
351
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
The wood has low resistance to sawing, but freshly felled logs may split due to internal stresses.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
The very well shaped logs are reported to peel and slice easily.
Placage tranche
The very well shaped logs are reported to peel and slice easily.
Effet d'émoussement
Blunting effect on cutting tools is reported to be very slight.
Usinage
The timber is reported to work easily in planing and all machining operations to yield smooth and clean surfaces.
Rabotage
The timber is reported to plane easily and yielding smooth and clean surfaces.
Tournage
30
Clouage
Nail holding properties are described as fair to poor because of its softness.
Collage
The timber is reported to bond well with all types of industrial adhesives.
Ponçage
Sanding qualities are rated as good.
Finissage
Grain filling is reported to give the best surface finishing results.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
The timber is reported to respond well to hand tools.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, frames, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, light packing, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, shoes, matches, door core, moldings
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles ordinaire
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Tournage
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
OUTILS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Outils_manches
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
EMBALLAGE
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Embal_léger
- 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Chaussures
- 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Allumette
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
âme_porte
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Moulures
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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