< Retour LIMBA/FRAKé (Terminalia superba) Version imprimable
LIMBA/FRAKé (Terminalia superba)
Nom commercial
Limba/Fraké
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Terminalia superba Engl. et Diels
Famille
COMBRETACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Kojagei (Sierra Leone); Fraké (Côte d`Ivoire); Frake (Benin); Noyer du Mayombe (for woods with black heart) (France); Limba (France); Fraké (France); Korina (United States of America); Limba (Congo); N'ganga (Central African Republic); Yellow pine; White limba; Weiss; Unwonrom; Tra; Shingle wood; Pe; Owebala; Ojiloko; Offram; Noyer limbo; Noyer du Mayombe; Noyer; N`limba; N`kom; N`dimba; Mukonja; Moukonia; Limba noir; Limba clair; Light limba; Landi; Kumkunbe; Kosina; Korina; Kongo; Kone; Kom; Kojag?i; Kojaagei; Kegblale; Ka-ren; Gbararada; Frany; Frango; Frane; Framo; Frameri; Fram; Frak; Faraen; End; Eji; Egoyin; Egonni; Egoin nufua; Egean; Edo; Djombe; Dark noir; Dark limba; Congo walnut; Chene-limbo; Chene limbo; Bokone; Blie; Bese; Baya; Bale; An rin; Akam; Aghan; Afraa; Afodonko; Afia afia; Afa; Konira (United States of America); Noyer du mayobe (France); Frake (France); Limbo (France); Limba (Zaire); Limba Limba (Congo); N`ganga (Central African Republic); Akom (Equatorial Guinea); Akom (Cameroon); White afara (Nigeria); Afara (Nigeria); Ofram (Ghana); Frake (Côte d`Ivoire); Limba (Angola)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Terminalia altissima A. Chev.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree has a total height up to 35 m, with diameters up to 130 cm. The boles are straight and cylindrical. It presents 4 buttresses up to 4 or 5 m tall.
Habitat naturel
Terminalia superba occurs in small dense forests, rain forests and in savanna forests.
Répartition naturelle
West and Central Africa, from Sierra Leone to Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Existence de plantations?
Because of its easy growth and timber qualities it has been tested for plantation in many countries. Acclimatization trials have been conducted outside of its natural habitat in Africa (Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Dem. Rep. of the Congo, Zimbabwe)
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells pe Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The heartwood is yellow white, or with blackish brown veins or greyish brown heart, it is not clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine (barely visible).
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
4
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Texture
The texture varies from fine to medium.
Luster
This species is low in luster.
Durabilité naturelle
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. The heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
5
Tensions internes de croissance
Growth stresses are reported in this species.
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: This timber is reported to have a negligible silica content. Silica contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Moderately easy to treat with a partial penetration of the preservative products.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.50
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.54
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
6.1
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.3
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-3
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.4
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
811
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
119731
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
475
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
58
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
57
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
363
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
467
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
It is easy to saw.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Suitable for slicing and peeling.
Placage tranche
Suitable for slicing and peeling.
Effet d'émoussement
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Usinage
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Rabotage
Easy; no particular problems.
Moulurage
Easy; no particular problems.
Perçage
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortaisage
Easy; no particular problems.
Clouage
No particular problem.
Collage
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Ponçage
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polissage
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Cintrage à la vapeur
This species can be used for steam bending.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
No particular problems.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, PACKING, heavy packing, pallets, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, door core, coffin, moldings, cementboard
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pouters
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Solives
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Marches
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles ordinaire
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
EMBALLAGE
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Embal_lourd
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Emballage, palettes
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
âme_porte
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Cercueils
- 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market
Moulures
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Cementboard
- 81 - Madeiras da Amazônia: descrição do lenho de 40 espécies ocorrentes na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós
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