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VIROLA (Virola surinamensis)
Nom commercial
Virola
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb.
Famille
MYRISTICACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Yayamadou de marecage; Yamamadou; Yamadou; Wild nutmeg; Waroesi; Ucuuba branca; Ucuhuba; Quinquamadou; Nutlet; Muscadier c grive; Moussigot; Moulomba; Moonba; Mandalli; Light virola; Kilikowa; Guinguamadou; Dallie; Dalli; Cuajo; Couaie; Chalviande; Cedrillo; Camaticaro; Camala; Cajuca; Bicuhyba; Becuiba; Banak; Babun; Baboonhout; Baboon; Baboenoedoe; Baboenhout; Baboen; Andiroba; Anakin; Bicuiba (Brazil); Virola-Das-Ilhas (Brazil); Virola (Brazil); Ucuuba-Da-Várzea (Brazil); Ucuuba-Branca (Brazil); Ucuuba (Brazil); Bandarra (Brazil)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Myristica surinamensis Rol.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
V. surinamensis is a medium size tree 25 m tall in the average, with diameters from to 60 to 70 cm, up to 100 cm. The boles are straight and cylindrical, up to 20 m long. It presents buttresses 1.5 m tall, sometimes pneumatophore roots are also reported.
Habitat naturel
Virola surinamensis is found in primary forests on swamps and inundated areas where it is reported to be a dominant species. It is cited as vulnerable in Brazil by the IBAMA. Vulnerable(IBAMA,2001)
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Occasionally multiple perfo Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays commonly 2 seriate. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
Odor and taste are reported to be indistinct.
Teinte
The heartwood is light beige or slightly pinkish to dark brown and sapwood lighter than heartwood.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
5
Grain
Straight grain is reported in this species.
Texture
This wood has a somewhat medium texture.
Durabilité naturelle
It has very little or no natural resistance to decay or insect attack.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
5
Résistance à l'imprégnation
This species is reported to be easy to preserve.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.42
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.45
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
12.4
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
5.3
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Air drying is rated as moderate. Drying Defects: Slight risk of warping and checking.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
UK-C; US-T3-C2
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.3
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
766
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
143000
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
360
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
19
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
69
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
231
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
254
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
This species is easy to saw.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Placage tranche
This species is reported to have good characteristics for lamination.
Rabotage
Planing operations are rather easy.
Perçage
Boring of this species is reported to be easy.
Ponçage
Sanding of this species is reportedly easy.
Finissage
This species is reported to be easy to finish.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
This species is reported to be easy to work with hand tools.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, common veneer, BENDING, tennis rackets, SPORTS, table tennis, PACKING, light packing, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, pencil, matches, door core
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles ordinaire
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Placage ordinaire
- 29 - Embassy of Ecuador in Japan
Résistance à la flexion
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Raquettes de tennis
- 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
SPORTS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
tennis detable
- 41 - Embassy of the Philippines
EMBALLAGE
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Embal_léger
- 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Crayon
- 67 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VIII, Calophyllum brasilense, Couratari panamensis, Dendropanax arboreum y Bombacopsis sessilis
Allumette
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
âme_porte
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
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