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AYOUS/SAMBA/OBECHE (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
Nom commercial
Ayous/Samba/Obeche
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Triplochiton scleroxylon K.Schum.
Famille
STERCULIACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Samba (Côte d`Ivoire); Samba (Benin); Ayous (Equatorial Guinea); M'bado (Central African Republic); Ayus (Cameroon); Wawa arera; Soft satinwood; Owowa; Otrotso; Obeke; Obechi; Nkom; Larana whitewood; Ejoung; Bush maple; Bado; Ayos; African whitewood; Ayous (France); Wawa (United Kingdom); Obeche (United Kingdom); Samba (France); Ayus (Equatorial Guinea); M`bado (Central African Republic); Ayous (Cameroon); Obeche (Nigeria); Arere (Nigeria); Wawa (Ghana); Abachi (Netherlands); Abachi (Germany)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Samba scleroxylon (K. Schum.) Roberty
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree reaches a height of 50 to more than 50 m. The bole is cylindrical, straight and clear to 26 m in length, buttressed to 6 m. The trunk diameter attains 170 cm.
Habitat naturel
Triplochiton scleroxylon occurs in abundance in transitional forest formations. National conservation status in Benin V.
Répartition naturelle
West Africa, from Guinea to Cameroon.
Existence de plantations?
This species has been planted with reasonable success in several countries of west and central Africa, including Nigeria and Ghana, and also in areas outside of its natural range in Cote d`Ivoire, Rep. of the Congo, and Dem. Rep. of the Congo.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Two cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays non-storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The heartwood is whitish to pale straw, it is not clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine (barely visible).
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
7
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Texture
Texture is reported to be medium to coarse.
Luster
Luster is usually low.
Durabilité naturelle
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. The heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
5
Tensions internes de croissance
No growth stresses are reported in this species.
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: Silica content is negligible. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.36
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.38
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
5.0
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
2.9
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-2
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.7
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
533
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
74047
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
306
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
32
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
36
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
174
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
261
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
It is easy to saw.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Suitable for slicing and peeling.
Placage tranche
Suitable for slicing and peeling.
Effet d'émoussement
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Usinage
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Rabotage
Easy; no particular problems.
Moulurage
Easy; no particular problems.
Tournage
30
Perçage
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortaisage
Easy; no particular problems.
Clouage
Easy to perform but low nails holding.
Collage
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Ponçage
Particular care is needed to avoid woolly aspect of the surface.
Polissage
Needs pre-coating.
Cintrage à la vapeur
This species can be used for steam bending.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
No particular problems.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, matches, door core, coffin, moldings, cementboard
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Marches
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles luxe
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Armoires
- 24 - Empire Timbers
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Tournage
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornements
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Ornements
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Allumette
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
âme_porte
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Cercueils
- 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market
Moulures
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
Cementboard
- 81 - Madeiras da Amazônia: descrição do lenho de 40 espécies ocorrentes na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós
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