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BALAU (Shorea laevis)
Nom commercial
Balau
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Shorea laevis Ridley
Famille
Dipterocarpaceae
Noms communs (pays)
Balau; Pa-yom dong (Thailand); Bangkirai (Spain); Bangkirai (Italy); Bangkirai (Sweden); Sen (Vietnam); Phchek (Cambodia); Selangan batu (Sarawak); Bangkirai (France); Aek (Thailand); Bangkirai (Netherlands); Yakal (Philippines); Gisok (Philippines); Malaykal (Philippines); Sal (India); Thitya (Myanmar); Bangkirai (United Kingdom); Bangkirai (Germany); Chan (Thailand); Balau simantok (Malaysia); Selangan batu (Sabah); Damar laut (Malaysia); Pooti (Indonesia); Kedawang (Indonesia); Kumus (Indonesia); Selangan batu (Indonesia); Brunas (Indonesia); Benuas (Indonesia); Aggelam (Indonesia); Ca-chac (Vietnam); Bangkirai (Indonesia); Bangkirai (United States of America); Balau Kumus (Malaysia); Sengkawan darat (Malaysia); Kumus (Malaysia)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Shorea rogersiana Raizada & Smitinand; Shorea laevifolia (Parijs) Endert; Shorea ciliata Ridley
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
It is a very large tree up to 75 m tall. The bole is branchless for 18 to 27 m and up to 210 cm in diameter, with prominent buttresses of up to 6 m high.
Habitat naturel
It occurs in hilly areas at altitudes 200 to 1,000 m, often gregarious, growing on well drained soils.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses common. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
It has no distinct odor, but it has a slightly bitter taste.
Teinte
The sapwood is sharply demarcated from the yellow-brown heartwood, darkening with age.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
5
Grain
The grain is mostly interlocked.
Texture
Fine texture is reported in this species.
Durabilité naturelle
It is resistant to fungi attack.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
2
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: It contains 0.1 to 0.4 % of silica. Silica Value: 0
Résistance à l'imprégnation
The sapwood is permeable, but the heartwood is extremely resistant to preservative treatment, even if incised.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.83
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.96
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
9.3
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.2
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
UK-G; JP-7; US-T8-B3
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.2
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1473
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
204310
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
795
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
101
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
159
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
1026
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Considering its density it is moderately easy to cut.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Although lamination is possible, it is unsuitable for the production of veneer and plywood.
Placage tranche
Although lamination is possible, it is unsuitable for the production of veneer and plywood.
Usinage
It is easy if special sharp cutters are used, but severe difficulties are reported if interlocked grain is present.
Rabotage
The planing of air-dried timber is considered fair to difficult. Picking up is fairly common in the radial faces, a reduced cutting angle of 15 degrees is recommended.
Perçage
In green condition, it is easy to bore, but boring of air-dried timber is slightly difficult.
Clouage
Pre-boring is required for nailing.
Collage
It is reported to be easy to glue.
Finissage
It has a good finishing.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar, port storage
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Ponts
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poteaux
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Piquets
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Traverses de chemin de fer
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
SPORTS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
OUTILS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Outils_manches
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Outils_agric
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
CONTENANTS
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Tonnellerie
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Ports piliers
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port entreposage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
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