COPAIBA (Copaifera officinalis)
Nom commercial
Copaiba
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L.
Famille
LEGUMINOSAE
Noms communs (pays)
Caniva (Panama); Balsamo (Trinidad & Tobago); Bálsamo De Copaiba (Cuba); Aceite (Venezuela); Copaiba (Peru); Cupay (Paraguay); Aceite Copaiba (Colombia); Canime (Colombia); Bálsamo De Copa (Cuba); Copaiba (Colombia); Copaiba (Ecuador); Copaiba (Peru); Palo De Aceite; Pau Olho (Brazil); Pau De Óleo (Brazil); Aceite (Venezuela); Currucay; Camiba; Cabimo; Copaíba (Brazil); Copahyba (Brazil); Copahiba (Brazil)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Copaiva officinalis Jacq.; Copaifera jacquinii Desf.; Copaiba officinalis Adans.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
It is a large tree, reaching heights of up to 40 m, with trunk diameters of 60 cm. The boles are cylindrical, without buttresses, and commercial lengths of about 20 m.
Habitat naturel
Copaifera officinalis is spread in tropical America in a wide variety of habitats in tropical rain and dry forests. It prefers well drained sites.
Répartition naturelle
The natural growth range of this species is Central America and tropical South America, it is also grows in the Caribbean.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. I Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma in thick bands. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fibers. Two cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
-
Vue macroscopique du bois (plan radiale)
-
Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
It has no distinct odor or taste.
Teinte
The sapwood is pinkish red, the heartwood suddenly changes into yellowish red.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
3
Grain
Straight or interlocked grain is often found in this species.
Texture
The wood is typically medium in texture.
Luster
The wood surfaces tend to be moderately to highly lustrous
Durabilité naturelle
Copaiba timber is reported as moderately durable against decay and insects attack.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
3
Résistance à l'imprégnation
The timber is difficult to treat with preservatives.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.61
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.67
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
6.6
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.2
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: This species air seasons rapidly and almost without defects. Drying Defects: In Colombia risk of twisting and cupping is reported.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
JUNAC-A
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.6
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_JUNAC_SPA.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
911
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
80000
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
479
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
92
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
116
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
537
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
622
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
This species is easy to saw.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Light Copaifera species are reported to be interesting for peeling, the heavier species can be sliced.
Placage tranche
Light Copaifera species are reported to be interesting for peeling, the heavier species can be sliced.
Rabotage
Planing operations are rather easy.
Moulurage
Molding is reported to be easy.
Tournage
30
Perçage
This species is easy to bore.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, TURNING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, door core, moldings
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pouters
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Solives
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Marches
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Volets
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tournage
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
âme_porte
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Moulures
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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