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ESSIA (Petersianthus macrocarpus)
Nom commercial
Essia
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Petersianthus macrocarpus Liben
Famille
COMBRETACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Tivegui (Guinea); Esia (Ghana); Abalé (Côte d`Ivoire); Abalé (France); Wulo (Zaire); Bossoho (Zaire); Abing (Gabon); Minzu (Congo); Wulo; Vulo; Tutwo; Tuntue; Tufei; Tu-tue; Stinkwood tree; Soap tree; Pen; Oze; Oto; Osa; Okpoha; Nonong; Nfunzo; Mubwabwa; Mubuabua; Miuza; Kpa; Kochibibi; Kapuku mutshi; Essia; Esiapi; Esia-kokobin; Esia; Dekolambunda; Busheki; Boto; Bosaki; Bine; Bayombi; Awewe; Angwushi; Akusun; Abine; Abale; Minzu (Zaire); Abin (Gabon); Abing (Cameroon); Owewe (Nigeria)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Petersianthus africanus (Welw.) Merr.; Petersia viridiflora (A. Chev.) A. Chev.; Petersia africana Welw. ex Benth. & Hook.; Combretodendron viridiflorum A. Chev.; Combretodendron macrocarpum (P. Beauv.) Keay; Combretodendron africanum (Welw. ex Benth. & Hook.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree reaches a height of 40 m or more. The bole is straight, cylindrical, sometimes shallowly fluted. It may be up to 20 to 26 m in length and unbuttressed but flared at the base. The trunk diameter attains 80 to 170 cm.
Habitat naturel
Petersianthus macrocarpus is fairly common in wet forest areas, infrequent in the dry primary forests.
Répartition naturelle
West Africa.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits simil Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma confluent. Non-crystals in axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Occasionally septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
Unpleasant odor.
Teinte
The sapwood is yellowish white, it has a thickness of 8 to 10 cm. The heartwood is pinkish brown, it is clearly demarcated.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
3
Grain
The grain is highly and systematically interlocked; special care is needed when drying because of frequent risks of distortion.
Texture
The wood is reported to be frequently medium textured.
Luster
The wood is described as low in luster.
Durabilité naturelle
Moderately durable to decay. Without preservative treatment, this species can be used only under risk of occasional re-humidification. It is not suited for uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Moderately resistant to termites attack
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
3
Tensions internes de croissance
Residual growth stresses are absent.
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.71
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.80
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
9.2
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.7
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Drying is very slow and difficult to perform; defects are frequent. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-7
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.0
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1047
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
131195
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
582
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
76
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
109
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
804
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
879
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Suitable for slicing.
Placage tranche
Suitable for slicing.
Usinage
It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Rabotage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Moulurage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Perçage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Mortaisage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Clouage
Pre-boring is necessary.
Collage
Difficult to glue because of the extracts content.
Ponçage
Difficult to obtain very good results because of interlocked grain.
Polissage
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
Working with hand tools is difficult.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pouters
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Solives
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquets
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
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