KAPUR (Dryobalanops sumatrensis)
Nom commercial
Kapur
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Dryobalanops sumatrensis (J.F. Gmelin) Kosterm.
Famille
Dipterocarpaceae
Noms communs (pays)
Telajin; Malayan kapur; Kapur ranggi; Kapur peringgi; Kapur bukit; Kapur biasa; Kapor; Kajoe kapoer; Hajoe hapoer; Borneo camphorwood; Anggi; Kapur barus (Sabah); Kapur (Indonesia); Kapur-kejatan (Malaysia); Indonesian kapur (United Kingdom); Indonesian kapur (United States of America); Capur d`Indonesia (France); Petanang (Indonesia); Oost-Borneo kamfer (Netherlands); Capur indonesiano (Italy); Borneo camphorwood paigie (Sabah); Swamp kapur (Sabah); Keladan (Malaysia); Kapur singkel (Indonesia); Kapur (Sarawak); Indonesisk kapur (Sweden); Kapoer (Netherlands); Indonesische kapur (Germany); Kapur (Malaysia); Kapur (Sabah); Capur indonesiano (Spain)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Dryobalanops camphora Colebr.; Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
This camphor tree is large, growing up to 60 m tall, with a straight and cylindrical bole, branchless for 40 m. Diameters up to 200 cm are reported, it presents buttresses up to 5 m high.
Habitat naturel
It is a very large gregarious tree, which provides most of the kapur timber and camphor for Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Dryobalanops sumatrensis prefers well drained leached sandy and clayey soils, growing up to 400 m of altitude.
Usages non ligneux
Brittle heart is occasionally reported for this species. It contains chemicals that discolor ferrous metals when damp.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses common. Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Vascular/vasicentric tracheides present. Simple perforatio Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Rays storied. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
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Vue macroscopique du bois (plan tangentiel)
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Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
The odor resembles camphor, but no taste.
Teinte
The sapwood varies from light yellowish brown to pale pink. The heartwood is rose red to dark reddish brown.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
4
Grain
It is mostly straight, rarely deep interlocking, occasional brittle heart in the innermost heart.
Texture
The texture varies from moderately coarse to coarse.
Luster
The planed surfaces are not particularly lustrous.
Durabilité naturelle
It is resistant to fungi, when fresh it is vulnerable to insects.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
3
Résistance à l'imprégnation
The heartwood is reported to be resistant to preservative treatment, but the sapwood is readily treatable.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.69
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.77
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
9.6
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.4
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is moderately fast.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
JP-6; UK-E; US-T10-D4S
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.2
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1249
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
179110
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
649
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
56
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
119
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
567
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
When green, the timber is easy to saw. Dry timber is less easy to saw because of the presence of silica. Cross cutting is generally easy.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
It is good for peeling if well steamed, but it has resin problems.
Placage tranche
It is good for peeling if well steamed, but it has resin problems.
Effet d'émoussement
Saw-teeth may become clogged by resin.
Usinage
The response of this species to machining operations is good to fair.
Rabotage
Planing is reported to be easy.
Perçage
Boring operations are rather easy.
Clouage
Needs pre-bore for nailing. Screws well.
Collage
Resin exudation causes gluing problems, urea glues recommended.
Finissage
This species has a fair behavior in finishing. It needs filling.
Polissage
It does not take a high polish without some filling.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Traverses de chemin de fer
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
OUTILS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Outils_manches
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
EMBALLAGE
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
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