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KAYU PUTEH (Melaleuca leucadendra)
Nom commercial
Kayu puteh
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L.
Famille
MYRTACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Kayu puteh; Gelam; Niaouli (New Caledonia); Brown tea-tree (Australia); Paper bark (Australia); Cajeput (United States of America); Smach chanlus (Cambodia); Tea tree (Papua New Guinea); Tram (Vietnam); Kayu putih (Indonesia); Broad leaved tea tree (Papua New Guinea)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Myrtus leucodendra L.; Melaleuca viridiflora Gaertner
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
It is an evergreen, small to medium-sized tree up to 15 m tall and 20 to 30 cm in diameter. It is reported as an essential oil plant.
Habitat naturel
It grows in pure stands on wet coastal flats and brackish swamps.
Répartition naturelle
It is native to eastern Australia, Malay Archipelago, New Caledonia, and New Guinea.
Existence de plantations?
This tree has been widely planted in other tropical and subtropical areas, often becoming naturalized.
Usages non ligneux
The wood contains cajeput oil which can be extracted by steam distillation.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits sm Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Occasionally axial parenchyma in narrow bands on lines up to 3 cells wide. Occasionally axial parenc 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Occasionally larger rays more than 4 seriate. Occasionally silica bodies in the ray cells. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers very thin walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The sapwood is yellowish, merging gradually into pinkish-gray heartwood.
Grain
The grain is interlocked, occasionally crossed.
Texture
The texture is typically fine to medium.
Durabilité naturelle
It is durable in contact with the ground and in water.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
1
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: Silica content varies from 0.2-0.95%. Silica Value: 0.55
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.65
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.72
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
8.4
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.8
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Boards dry rapidly without much degrade. Drying Defects: The wood is sometimes prone to collapse, checking, cupping and warping.
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.8
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
834
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
415
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Melaleuca is a hard timber but it saws well.
Effet d'émoussement
It tends to dull the saw-teeth.
Usinage
Machining operations are fair to difficult due to interlocked grain.
Collage
This wood is reported to glue well.
Finissage
It takes a fairly good finish.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, rails, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, port pillar, port storage
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Ponts
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poteaux
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Pieux de cloture
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Rampe
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crosses
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Traverses de chemin de fer
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
OUTILS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Outils_agric
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
EMBALLAGE
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Navires
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Ports piliers
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port entreposage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
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