MAHOGANY, CAOBA, MARA (Swietenia macrophylla)
Nom commercial
Mahogany, Caoba, Mara
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Swietenia macrophylla King
Famille
MELIACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Zopilozontecomacuahuitl; Zopilote; Zopilocuahuitl; Venezuela mahogany; Tzutzul; Tabasco mahogany; Sisam; Resadillo; Red wood; Red cedar; Punab; Palo xopilote; Mogno do rio Jurupari; Mahogany Honduras; Madeira; Guatemala mahogany; Flor de veradillo; Costa Rica mahogany; Chiapas; Chacalte; Central American mahogany; Cedro-rana; Caoba de Honduras; Campeche; Broad-leaved mahogany; Brazilian mahogany; Big-leafed mahogany; Bay-mahogany; Bastard lime; Aquano de tabasco; Acajou du Honduras; Caoba (Peru); Palo Zopilote; Orura; Mara (Bolivia); Mahogany; Honduras Mahogany; Cobano; Chiculte; Caobilla; Caoba De Atlántico; Caguano; Bigleaf Mahogany; Big Leafed Mahogany; Belize Mahogany; Aguano (Brazil); Acajou Amerique; Acajou; Mogno (Brazil); Peruvian Mahogany; Grootblad Mahogany; Large Leaved Mahogany; Bay Mahogany; Tzopilote; Mahonie; Granadillo; Gateado; Flor De Venadillo; Crura; Cuban Mahogany; Central America Mahogany; Chiculti; Cedro Espinoso; Cedro Cebollo; Cedro Carmesi; Caoba Roja; Caoba Americana; Caoba Mahogany; Caoba Hondurena; Cabano; Acajou D`Amerique; Aguano De Tabasco; Baywood; Araputanga (Brazil); Acajou Blanc; American Mahogany
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Swietenia krukovii Gleason; Swietenia candollei Pittier; Swietenia belizensis Lundell
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
It can reach a height of 35 m, with a diameter of 130 cm or more, but more commonly about 80 to 100. The bole is cylindrical and straight, free of branches to about 15 to 20 m. presents well developed buttresses.
Habitat naturel
Swietenia macrophylla is widely distributed in the Amazon basin, on terra firme forests. It prefers clayey soils. The level of exploitation has led to the exhaustion of supplies. particularly in the northern parts of its range. It is listed as endangered b
Répartition naturelle
It is found from Central America to tropical South America. In Brazil it is reported to be more abundant in the south of Para state.
Existence de plantations?
S. macrophylla is planted all over the tropics. Plantations are reported in Fiji, Solomon Islands, Malaysia, Philippines, India, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. White deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Simple perforatio Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Vue macroscopique du bois (plan tangentiel)
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Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Listed in CITES II
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
Odor and taste are reported to be indistinct.
Teinte
The sapwood is distinct but not clearly demarcated from the heartwood. The heartwood is reddish or pinkish brown when freshly cut, turning into a deep rich red brown color after exposure.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
4
Grain
The grain is straight to slightly interlocked. Depending on the cut, it often produces a highly attractive figure.
Texture
The texture is fine or medium, and uniform.
Luster
The surface of the wood is naturally high in luster.
Durabilité naturelle
It has high durability, and is resistant to brown and white rot fungi. It is moderately resistant to dry-wood termites, but susceptible to marine borer attack.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
2
Tensions internes de croissance
Tension wood may be present, and may contribute to high longitudinal shrinkage.
Résistance à l'imprégnation
This species is reported to be impermeable.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.52
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.56
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.5
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
3.2
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: It is reported to air season rapidly. Drying Defects: Moderate warping and surface checking. In Venezuela a tendency to collapse and twist is also reported. Kiln Schedules: Slow drying is recommended.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
UK-F; US-T6-D4
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.4
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
878
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
99530
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
481
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
70
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
96
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
370
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
495
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
The wood offers small cutting resistance.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
S. macrophylla can be used for slicing and peeling (thermal treatment recommended).
Placage tranche
S. macrophylla can be used for slicing and peeling (thermal treatment recommended).
Effet d'émoussement
The wood has slight blunting effect on cutting edges.
Rabotage
It is easy to plane, occasionally the grain may chip and tear.
Moulurage
The wood is reported to respond well to ordinary machine tools in molding.
Tournage
30
Perçage
Boring properties are rated as good.
Mortaisage
The timber responds readily to ordinary tools in mortising operations.
Clouage
The timber is reported to have good nailing properties.
Collage
This species is easy to glue.
Ponçage
Sanding operations are reported to be fairly easy.
Finissage
It gives an excellent finish.
Teinture
The wood takes stains well.
Applications d'un revêtement
Varnishing qualities are reported to be good.
Polissage
The wood polishes rather well.
Cintrage à la vapeur
Steam bending properties are rated as fairly good.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
The wood is reported to respond well to hand tools.
Espèces de substitution
The following African species are also known as Mahogany: Khaya ivorensis , K. anthotheca , K. grandifolia , and K. senegalensis
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, lasts, BENDING, chairs, tennis rackets, SPORTS, table tennis, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, guitar, handicrafts, moldings
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Marches
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles luxe
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Armoires
- 24 - Empire Timbers
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Tournage
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Formes à chaussures
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Résistance à la flexion
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Chaises
- 36 - Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panama
Raquettes de tennis
- 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
SPORTS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
tennis detable
- 41 - Embassy of the Philippines
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Navires
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
AUTRES ET INSTRUMENTS DE MUSIQUE
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Guitar
- 65 - Maderas latinoamericanas VI. Bursera simaruba. Poulsenia armata, Pterocarpus officinalis y Ficus werckleana
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Moulures
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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