MANIL, OSSOL, MACHARE (Symphonia globulifera)

Nom commercial

Manil, Ossol, Machare

Nom scientifique (avec auteur)

Symphonia globulifera L. f.

Famille

CLUSIACEAE

Noms communs (pays)

Machare (Colombia); Azufre (Colombia); Brea Amarilla (Bolivia); Laurel De Monte (Bolivia); Azufre (Bolivia); Zaputi (Ecuador); Brea Caspi (Peru); Peramancillo (Venezuela); Maníi (Guyana); Yellowmangur (Trinidad & Tobago); Bacuri-Bravo (Brazil); Bacuri-Acu (Brazil); Axuá (Brazil); Anani-Da-Mata (Brazil); Anani (Brazil); Wayepu; Waika; Perman; Ossol (Gabon); Okilolo; Nom Ouie; Nianga Nianga (Congo); Mataki; Matakki (Surinam); Manni; Manil; Machare (Ecuador); Leche Amarilla; Chewstick (Honduras); Boar Wood (United Kingdom); Barillo (Honduras); Azufre (Peru); Anani; Ahoke; Palo Azufre (Peru); Boarwood (United Kingdom); Yellow Mangue (Trinidad & Tobago); Waika Chewstick; Matakkie; Peraman; Sambogum; Manniballi; Mani; Hog Gum; Doctor Gum; Cerillo; Bois Cochon; Buck Wax Tree; Boar Gum (United Kingdom); Anamy

Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)

Symphonia gabonensis (Vesque) Pierre; Moronobea coccinea Aubl.

DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE

Description botanique

The size of the mature tree is reported to be small to medium, attaining heights of 35 m, and trunk diameters of about 40 cm, with a commercial length usually up to 14 m. It often develops stilt roots with numerous elbow buttresses. It presents abundant y

Habitat naturel

Symphonia globulifera is a gregarious species found in the primary and secondary forests of tropical America. It is reported to prefer swamps and marshy areas up to 1,000 m of altitude. In Brazil it is found in the swampy areas, or igapós, of the Atlantic. In Africa Symphonia globulifera is common in rain forest and swampy places, but also tends to occur in mixed, dry formations.

Répartition naturelle

This species is found in West Africa and America, where it is common in the tropical rainforests.

Usages non ligneux

The bark contains a yellowish resin used for medical purposes.

IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS

Description anatomique du bois

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more. Occasionally vessels with colored deposits. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Axial parenchyma apparent with the naked eye. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma in discontinuous tangential lines. Axial parenchyma oblique and/or sinuous. Occasionally pith fleck. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 ce 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Occasionally rays exclusively uniseriate. Occasionally prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

Vue macroscopique du bois (plan tangentiel)
Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois

Disponibilité

Statut CITES

Unrestricted

DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS

Odeur

Freshly cut wood has an unpleasant smell which fades after drying.

Teinte

The sapwood is clearly differentiated. The heartwood is pale yellowish brown in color.

Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)

Grain

Straight or interlocked grain are reported for this species.

Texture

The wood is coarse textured.

Luster

The wood luster is described as medium.

Durabilité naturelle

The heartwood is durable to decay, but it is easily attacked by termites.

Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)

Tensions internes de croissance

No growth stresses are reported in this species.

Teneur en silice

Silica Content: A silica content of 0.2 % is reported for this species. Silica Value: 0.2

Résistance à l'imprégnation

It is highly resistant to preservative treatments.

PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS

Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)

0.65

Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)

0.73

Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)

9.6

Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)

4.8

Défauts dus au séchage

Ease of Drying: The rate of drying is reported to be slow to moderate. Drying Defects: Risk of checking is reported.

Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé

UK-C; BR-B; US-T3-C2; FR-8

Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)

2.0

Calendrier de séchage en séchoir

http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_British_ENG.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_Brazilian1.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_USA_ENG.pdf
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf

PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS

PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS

Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)

1379

Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)

133071

Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)

604

Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)

Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)

Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)

579

Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)

680

OUVRABILITÉ

Sciage

Wood of this species is easy to cut.

Coupe de placage de déroulage

It is interesting for slicing and peeling, thermal treatments are recommended.

Placage tranche

It is interesting for slicing and peeling, thermal treatments are recommended.

Effet d'émoussement

The wood exerts moderate blunting effect on cutters.

Usinage

The wood behaves well in most machining operations, but the surfaces tend to be rough.

Rabotage

The wood is reported to respond well to machine tools, but smooth surfaces are difficult to achieve in planing.

Moulurage

The wood moulds and shapes well, but shaped surfaces tend to be rough.

Tournage

Perçage

Boring properties are reported to be generally good.

Mortaisage

Mortising properties are reported to be good.

Clouage

The wood holds nails well but tends to split during nailing. Pre-boring is recommended.

Collage

The wood has good gluing properties.

Ponçage

The material is reported to be rather easy to sand.

Applications d'un revêtement

The material takes varnish and paints well.

Polissage

Polishing characteristics are rated as good.

Compatibilité avec outils manuels

The timber is reported to respond well to hand tools.

UTILISATIONS

UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)

EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, common veneer, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, door core

EXTERIOR GENERAL

1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos

Traverses de chemin de fer

8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri

MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT

10 - Silica in Timbers

Planches

13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures

Planchers

14 - Handbook of Hardwoods

Cadres

16 - Woods of the World

Marches

17 - Tree Conservation Database

Panneaux

18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden

MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT

21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.

Meubles ordinaire

23 - Handbook of Hardwoods

Armoires

24 - Empire Timbers

PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE

25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia

âmes (de placage)

27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan

Placage ordinaire

29 - Embassy of Ecuador in Japan

Tournage

30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan

OUTILS

42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.

Outils_manches

43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)

Outils_agric

44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods

EMBALLAGE

45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas

CONTENANTS

50 - Properties of imported tropical woods

Tonnellerie

51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile

Carros_camion

53 - Timbers of the New World

Wagons

54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods

Artisanat

66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)

âme_porte

76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.

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