MUKULUNGU (Autranella congolensis)
Nom commercial
Mukulungu
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Autranella congolensis A.Chev.
Famille
SAPOTACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Elang (Cameroon); Kungulu (Angola); Yoli; Uku; Ovanga; Ntsha; Mumbelenge; Mukungulu; Mukulumbu; Mubelenge; Mtua; Mbanga; M`fua; Kungulu; Kondofino; Kolo; Elang; Bwanga; Bonyanga; Autracon; Adjazok; Mukulungu (Zaire); Kungulau (Angola); Mfua (Congo); Bouanga (Central African Republic); Elanzok (Cameroon); kabulungu (Zaire)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Mimusops le-testui Lecomte; Mimusops congolensis De Wild.; Mimusops boonei De Wild.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
The tree reaches a height of 40 and more. The bole is straight, cylindrical and clear to long lengths. The trunk diameter attains from 130 cm up to 200 cm and is sometimes buttressed.
Habitat naturel
Autranella congolensis occurs in the dense equatorial forests of Africa.
Répartition naturelle
Widely distributed throughout the dense equatorial forests of Africa.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels in dendritic pattern. Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Tyloses thin walled. Tyloses common. Non-vestured Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines or fine bands. Prismatic crystals in short chains in chambered axial parenchyma cells. Occasionally siliceous bodies in the axial parenchyma. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Vue macroscopique du bois (plan tangentiel)
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Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Teinte
The sapwood is greyish, it has a thickness of 2 to 3 cm. The heartwood is red brown, with darker markings, it is clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine (barely visible).
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
4
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Texture
Texture is usually fine to medium.
Luster
The wood is described as low in luster.
Durabilité naturelle
Very durable to decay; without preservative treatment. This species is especially suited for all the uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
1
Tensions internes de croissance
Residual stresses are reported to be absent.
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.82
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.94
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
8.4
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
7.4
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
FR-9
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.1
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1211
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
173910
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
757
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
108
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
91
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
1111
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
1137
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Suitable for slicing.
Placage tranche
Suitable for slicing.
Effet d'émoussement
Severe blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are recommended.
Usinage
It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Rabotage
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Moulurage
Easy; no particular problems.
Perçage
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortaisage
Easy; no particular problems.
Clouage
Pre-boring is necessary.
Collage
Difficult to glue because of high density.
Ponçage
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polissage
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Compatibilité avec outils manuels
Working with hand tools is difficult.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, rails, crossarms, crossties, piers, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Ponts
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poteaux
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Rampe
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crosses
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Traverses de chemin de fer
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Piliers
- 9 - Maderas latinoamericanas. IV, Nectandra sp. Ocotea austinii, Persea sp. aff. vesticula, Persea schiedeana
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pouters
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Solives
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquets
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Marches
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accessoires en bois
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Tonnellerie
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
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