PALAPI (Heritiera simplicifolia)
Nom commercial
Palapi
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Heritiera simplicifolia Masters
Famille
Sterculiaceae
Noms communs (pays)
Mengkulang (France); Mengkulang (Sarawak); Mengkulang (United Kingdom); Don-chem (Cambodia); Mengkulang (Germany); Mengkulang (Italy); Red/brown tulip oak (Australia); Kembang (Sabah); Huynh (Vietnam); Lumbayau (Philippines); Teraling (Indonesia); Palapi (Indonesia); Mengkulang (Malaysia); Chumprag (Thailand); Kanze (Myanmar)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Tarrietia simplicifolia Masters
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
It is a large tree, up to 50 m tall with straight and columnar bole up to 135 cm in diameter. The buttresses are large.
Habitat naturel
It is the most important species belonging to the "Mengkulang" group. This species occurs scattered in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests, on well drained soil, up to 300 m of altitude.
Répartition naturelle
It is distributed in Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo. In Sabah, it is also widespread.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Wood diffuse porous. Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Simple perforation plates. Simple per Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Siliceous bodies in the axial parenchyma cells. Axial parenchyma in narrow Rays storied. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Silica bodies in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Sheath cells. Occasionally body ray cells procumbe Fibers with distinctly bordered pits. Fibers storied.
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Vue macroscopique du bois (plan radiale)
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Vue microscopique d'une section transversale du bois
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
It has unpleasant odor when fresh.
Teinte
The sapwood is not always clearly distinct, it varies in color from light yellow to light reddish. The heartwood is pale pink when fresh, in strong light darkens to dark red-brown.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
5
Grain
It is straight to shallowly interlocked.
Texture
The texture varies from medium to moderately coarse, vessels contain dark deposits.
Luster
The heartwood is slightly lustrous.
Durabilité naturelle
It is moderate-perishable and somewhat susceptible to fungi and insect attack.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
6
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: It is reported to have silica. Contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0
Résistance à l'imprégnation
This species is reported to be moderately difficult to preserve.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.67
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.75
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
6.4
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
3.1
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Seasoning is reported to be rather difficult. Drying Defects: It is likely to warp and split.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
UK-D; US-32-22; JP-17
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.1
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
975
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
146087
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
543
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
56
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
92
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
409
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
656
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Sawing of this wood is reported to be fair to difficult.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Good veneer can be made at a peeling angle of 92 degrees without pretreatment, but steaming is recommended.
Placage tranche
Good veneer can be made at a peeling angle of 92 degrees without pretreatment, but steaming is recommended.
Effet d'émoussement
Blunting effect on cutting tools is reported due to the silica content.
Usinage
Interlocked grain hinders machining operations, and special cutters are required.
Rabotage
Care is needed when planing quarter-sawn timber in order to avoid the grain picking up. Using a cutting angle of 20 degrees usually produces a smooth finish.
Clouage
Nail-holding is good, pre-boring is recommended to avoid splitting.
Collage
Gluing properties are good. The use of urea-formaldehyde glues is recommended.
Finissage
It is easy to finish.
Polissage
Wood of this species is easy to polish.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat hulls, boat deck, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poteaux
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Traverses de chemin de fer
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Planches
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
Panneaux
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
OUTILS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Outils_manches
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
EMBALLAGE
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
CONTENANTS
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Tonnellerie
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Navires_coques
- 57 - Estadísticas de Aprovechamiento, Exportación y comercialización Nacional de Productos Forestales
Navires_ponts
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
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