< Retour RED BALAU, BALAU, SAL (Shorea robusta) Version imprimable
RED BALAU, BALAU, SAL (Shorea robusta)
Nom commercial
Red Balau, Balau, Sal
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Shorea robusta Gaertner f.
Famille
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
; Sakwa (Nepal); Sal (India)
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
A large deciduous tree, usually gregarious, growing 18-30 m in height and 1.5-2.0 m in girth. The bark is 2.5-5.0 cm thick, rough dark brown with conspicuous vertical furrows, be used for tanning, brown dye and ropes. Tree yield a natural resin (Sal damma
Habitat naturel
S. robusta is the dominant species in sal forest.
Répartition naturelle
The trees occur in northern and central India, sub Himalayan region (1200-1500 m) to Nepal and south of the Ganga.
Existence de plantations?
Viability of the seed is very short. It seldom germinates two weeks after its collection. The problem of the Sal seedling and the regeneration of some Sal forests come to one's mind.
Usages non ligneux
The wood contains a transition zone which is looks like heartwood. The quality of Sal varies from place to place. The fact is that the anatomical structure of Sal wood varies to a great extent.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Wood diffuse porous. Tyloses common. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
-
Teinte
Heartwood is light brown to brown colored, and turning reddish brown on exposure. Sapwood when fresh is pale white with a brownish tinge, narrow.
Grain
Interlocked grain with ribbon bands.
Texture
Varies from moderately coarse to coarse.
Luster
-
Durabilité naturelle
The wood, especially heartwood, is very durable. It is not attacked by white ants and fungi for a long time.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
2
Tensions internes de croissance
-
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: -
Résistance à l'imprégnation
Sapwood is easy to be penetrated by preservatives, while the heartwood is impermeable.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.76
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.86
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
9.1
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.1
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Vutu can be kiln dried from the green condition without difficulty using the recommended schedule,with some surface checking or slight warp the only problems. Drying Defects: 25 mm board: Kiln drying from green to 12% m.c. requires 4～5 days, reduced to 1 1/2 days after preliminary air drying to 25% m.c..Ahigh humidity stress relief treatment,tentatively 24 hours should follow drying 50 mm stock :Kiln drying from green to 12% m
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
UK-B; UK-G
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
2.2
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_British_ENG.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1216
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
156100
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
High resistant to cut. The wood has known as a difficult timber to saw and to work with. Air-dried timber is more difficult to saw compared than the green one. Red balau is usually easier to work than Balau.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
S. robusta was found to be unsuitable for the production of veneer and plywood.
Placage tranche
S. robusta was found to be unsuitable for the production of veneer and plywood.
Effet d'émoussement
-
Usinage
Varies from moderately difficult to difficult. While working with machine picking up of fibers often takes place and it is also difficult to get a smooth surface.
Moulurage
-
Perçage
Easy to slightly difficult.
Mortaisage
-
Collage
Uncertain but tends to poor.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, rails, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, TOOLS, tool handles, CONTAINERS, chemical storage, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, wheel
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Ponts
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Poteaux
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Rampe
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pouters
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Solives
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
OUTILS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Outils_manches
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
CONTENANTS
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Chemical Storage
- 52 - Propiedades mecanicas y asociadas del pino insigne (Pinus radiata d.don)
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Navires
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Roués
- 75 - Tropenholzer
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