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SURIAN (Toona sinensis)
Nom commercial
Surian
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Toona sinensis (Juss.) Roem.
Famille
MELIACEAE
Noms communs (pays)
Suren (Indonesia); Ingul (Indonesia); Rangau (Sabah); Surian wangi (Malaysia); Surian bawang (Malaysia)
Synonymes du nom scientifique (avec auteurs)
Toona sinensis var. sinensis; Cedrela sinensis Juss.
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
It is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 40 m tall, with bole branchless for up to 20 m and up to 100 cm in diameter.
Habitat naturel
Toona sinensis is reported from 350 to 2,500 m of altitude, often in primary montane forests, near streams, but also in secondary forests.
Existence de plantations?
It is planted as a shadow and wayside tree in India and Sri Lanka.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood semi-ring porous and/or ring porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pi Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
The wood often has an aromatic cedar-like odor.
Teinte
The heartwood is pale red to reddish-brown, darkening to dark red-brown on exposure, clearly demarcated from the gray-white, pink or pale red sapwood.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
4
Grain
The grain is straight to interlocked, sometimes wavy.
Texture
This wood has a somewhat coarse texture.
Durabilité naturelle
In Malaysia, the wood is rated as non-durable. Other reports indicate that the heartwood is moderately durable but susceptible to dry-wood termite and borer attack.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
4
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: The wood has a high silica content which affects wood processing. Silica Value: 0.501
Résistance à l'imprégnation
The heartwood is resistant to impregnation with preservatives, even under pressure. The sapwood is permeable to preservatives.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.52
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
0.57
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
6.6
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
3.7
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
UK-J
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.8
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/KD_British_ENG.pdf
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
920
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
105017
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
407
Résistance à la compression perpendiculaire à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
71
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
399
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
470
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Cutting resistance is generally low.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Lamination of this species is possible.
Placage tranche
Lamination of this species is possible.
Usinage
This species is easy to machine. Sometimes woolly surfaces are reported.
Rabotage
Planing of this species is reported to be easy.
Moulurage
It gives good results in molding.
Perçage
Boring operations are fair to difficult.
Mortaisage
Mortising of this species is fair.
Clouage
It is easy to nail.
Collage
Gluing of this species is easy.
Ponçage
Sanding properties are rated as fair.
Finissage
Filling is necessary.
Polissage
It is easy to polish.
Espèces de substitution
It can substitute Spanish Cedar (Cedrela spp.).
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, flooring, frames, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, BENDING, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, cigar boxes
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pouters
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Solives
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Cadres
- 16 - Woods of the World
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Meubles luxe
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces (de placage)
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Placage tranché
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Résistance à la flexion
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
SPORTS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
OUTILS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Outils_agric
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Wagons
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
AUTRES ET INSTRUMENTS DE MUSIQUE
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Artisanat
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Cigares
- 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo
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