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ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
Nom commercial
Ulin
Nom scientifique (avec auteur)
Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsmann & Binnendijk
Famille
Lauraceae
Noms communs (pays)
Yam muk; Terbelian; Telian; Tebelian; Tanoedlen; Tadien; Sakian; Oelin; Melangganai; Lampahoeng; Ku`an tin; Kayu besi; Kajoe besi; Kajo taha; Im muk; Ijzerhout; Caju baelian; Borneosch ijerhout; Boelian; Belian wi; Belian tembaga; Belian kapur; Belian griting; Belian buloh; Belian bulch; Balian; Belian (Indonesia); Tabulin (Indonesia); Tihin (Indonesia); Onglen (Indonesia); Bajujang (Indonesia); Ulin (Indonesia); Belian (Sarawak); Onglen ulin (Indonesia); Billian (Indonesia); Tambusian (Sabah); Tambulian (Philippines); Borneo ironwood (United Kingdom); Legno ferro di borneo (Italy)
DESCRIPTION DE L'ARBRE
Description botanique
It is an evergreen tree of up to 40 m tall. The bole is straight, branchless for up to 20 m but usually less, sometimes slightly fluted at the base, up to 150 cm in diameter. The buttresses are many, small and rounded, giving the base an elephant-foot lik
Habitat naturel
Generally a species of lowland primary forest. Belian or ironwood is one of the most renowned timbers of Borneo. Indonesia has banned the export of belian and Sarawak has placed restrictions on export; Sabah and Kalimantan continue to export it. Regenerat
Répartition naturelle
It can be found throughout the lowlands of Sabah extending into the remainder of Borneo, other Indonesian islands, and the Philippines; occasionally abundant.
IDENTIFICATION DU BOIS
Description anatomique du bois
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Intervessel pits scalariform. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Multipl Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells (chambered cells). Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Disponibilité
Statut CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPTION GÉNÉRALE DU BOIS
Odeur
Its odor resembles lemons.
Teinte
The sapwood is pale yellowish. The heartwood varies from yellow-brown to reddish yellow-brown, becoming dark brown or almost black on exposure.
Index de Teinte (1 = Noir, 7 = Jaune clair)
3
Grain
It is straight, only occasionally interlocked.
Texture
The texture is from fine to medium.
Luster
The heartwood is somewhat lustrous.
Durabilité naturelle
It is very durable and very resistant to teredos and termites attack.
Index de durabilité naturelle (1 = Très élevée, 7 = Très faible)
1
Teneur en silice
Silica Content: It is reported to contain up to 0.5% silica. Silica Value: 0.5
Résistance à l'imprégnation
The heartwood is extremely resistant to preservative treatment.
PROPRIÉTÉS PHYSIQUES DU BOIS
Densité basale ou gravité spécifique (poids anhydre/vol. saturé) (g/cm³)
0.88
Densité sèche à l'air (poids et volume à 12%TH) (g/cm³)
1.02
Retrait tangentiel total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
7.7
Retrait radial total (saturé à 0%TH) (%)
4.3
Défauts dus au séchage
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be easy. Drying Defects: Little warping and checking are reported. Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for Thitmin.
Calendrier de séchage en séchoir recommandé
UK-B; US-T2-C2
Ratio de stabilité dimensionnelle (% retrait tangentiel total/% retrait radial total)
1.8
PROPRIÉTÉS CHIMIQUES DU BOIS
PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES DU BOIS
Résistance à la flexion (module de rupture_MOR) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
1648
Rigidité (module d'élasticité_ MOE) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
185212
Résistance à la compression parallèle à la fibre 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
819
Résistance au cisaillement (radial) 12%TH (kgf/cm²)
129
Dureté Janka (latérale) 12%TH (kgf)
1276
Dureté Janka (extrémités) 12%TH (kgf)
1094
OUVRABILITÉ
Sciage
Sawmilling of this species is reportedly easy to fair.
Coupe de placage de déroulage
Good veneer can be made, but it is too dense and insufficiently ornamental for this purpose.
Placage tranche
Good veneer can be made, but it is too dense and insufficiently ornamental for this purpose.
Effet d'émoussement
It blunts saw-teeth fairly rapidly, owing to its hardness. The teeth should be cleaned regularly from oily deposits.
Usinage
Special cutters are required.
Rabotage
Planing of this species is reported to it gives good results despite its hardness.
Perçage
Too high boring speeds may cause burning of the surface.
Mortaisage
It is easy to mortise.
Clouage
Pre-boring is essential.
Collage
The timber is reported to require special precautions for gluing.
Ponçage
This species is reported to be easy to sand.
UTILISATIONS
UTILISATIONS FINALES (RÉSUMÉ)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, shingle
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Ponts
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Piquets
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Traverses de chemin de fer
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
MEUBLES ET M. DE RANGEMENT
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Planchers
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
PANNEAUX ET PLACAGE
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
OUTILS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Carros_camion
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
CONSTRUCTION NAVALE
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Ports piliers
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Shingles
- 77 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume I; Tapajós National Forest
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