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ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
Nome comercial
Ulin
Nome científico (autor)
Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsmann & Binnendijk
Família
Lauraceae
Nomes comuns
Yam muk; Terbelian; Telian; Tebelian; Tanoedlen; Tadien; Sakian; Oelin; Melangganai; Lampahoeng; Ku`an tin; Kayu besi; Kajoe besi; Kajo taha; Im muk; Ijzerhout; Caju baelian; Borneosch ijerhout; Boelian; Belian wi; Belian tembaga; Belian kapur; Belian griting; Belian buloh; Belian bulch; Balian; Belian (Indonesia); Tabulin (Indonesia); Tihin (Indonesia); Onglen (Indonesia); Bajujang (Indonesia); Ulin (Indonesia); Belian (Sarawak); Onglen ulin (Indonesia); Billian (Indonesia); Tambusian (Sabah); Tambulian (Philippines); Borneo ironwood (United Kingdom); Legno ferro di borneo (Italy)
DESCRIÇÃO DA ÁRVORE
Descrição botânica
It is an evergreen tree of up to 40 m tall. The bole is straight, branchless for up to 20 m but usually less, sometimes slightly fluted at the base, up to 150 cm in diameter. The buttresses are many, small and rounded, giving the base an elephant-foot lik
Habitat natural
Generally a species of lowland primary forest. Belian or ironwood is one of the most renowned timbers of Borneo. Indonesia has banned the export of belian and Sarawak has placed restrictions on export; Sabah and Kalimantan continue to export it. Regenerat
Distribuição natural
It can be found throughout the lowlands of Sabah extending into the remainder of Borneo, other Indonesian islands, and the Philippines; occasionally abundant.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA MADEIRA
Descrição anatômica da madeira (macro e micro)
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Intervessel pits scalariform. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Multipl Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Prismatic crystals in radial alignment in procumbent ray cells (chambered cells). Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
DISPONIBILIDADE
Situação CITES sobre a proteção
Unrestricted
DESCRIÇÃO GERAL DA MADEIRA
Odor ou Cheiro
Its odor resembles lemons.
Cor
The sapwood is pale yellowish. The heartwood varies from yellow-brown to reddish yellow-brown, becoming dark brown or almost black on exposure.
Indice de cor
3
Grã
It is straight, only occasionally interlocked.
Veios ou desenhos na superfície
The texture is from fine to medium.
Brilho
The heartwood is somewhat lustrous.
DURABILIDADE NATURAL
It is very durable and very resistant to teredos and termites attack.
Indice de durabilidade natural
1
Conteúdo de sílica
Silica Content: It is reported to contain up to 0.5% silica. Silica Value: 0.5
Tratamento preservativo
The heartwood is extremely resistant to preservative treatment.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DA MADEIRA
Densidade básica (Peso seco/Volume saturado) (g/cm³)
0.88
Densidade seca ao ar 12% (g/cm³)
1.02
Contração Tangencial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
7.7
Contração Radial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
4.3
Defeitos causados pela secagem
Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be easy. Drying Defects: Little warping and checking are reported. Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for Thitmin.
Programa de secagem recomendável
UK-B; US-T2-C2
Estabilidade dimensional (Contração Tangencial Total %/Contração Radial Total %)
1.8
PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS DA MADEIRA
PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA
Resistência a flexão a 12% (Módulo de ruptura) (kgf/cm²)
1648
Flexão Estática a 12% (Módulo de elasticidade) (kgf/cm²)
185212
Resistência a compressão paralela as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
819
Cisalhamento radial a 12% (kgf/cm²)
129
Dureza Janka a 12% (perpendicular) (kgf)
1276
Dureza Janka a 12% (paralela) (kgf)
1094
TRABALHABILIDADE
Serrar ou Cortar
Sawmilling of this species is reportedly easy to fair.
Desdobro da tora em torno para lâminas
Good veneer can be made, but it is too dense and insufficiently ornamental for this purpose.
Desdobro da tora em faqueadeira para lâminas
Good veneer can be made, but it is too dense and insufficiently ornamental for this purpose.
Desgaste de ferramentas
It blunts saw-teeth fairly rapidly, owing to its hardness. The teeth should be cleaned regularly from oily deposits.
Aspectos do processamento em máquinas
Special cutters are required.
Aplainamento
Planing of this species is reported to it gives good results despite its hardness.
Furação
Too high boring speeds may cause burning of the surface.
Fresagem_ranhura_canais
It is easy to mortise.
Comportamento na aplicação de pregos
Pre-boring is essential.
Colagem
The timber is reported to require special precautions for gluing.
Lixamento
This species is reported to be easy to sand.
USOS FINAIS RELATADOS
USOS FINAIS (RESUMO)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, shingle
EXTERIOR
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Pontes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Postes para cercas
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Dormentes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
CASAS
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
FERRAMENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Carroceria de caminhão
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
CONSTRUÇÃO NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Pilar de sustentação para portos
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Shingles
- 77 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume I; Tapajós National Forest
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