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MAHOGANY, CAOBA, MARA (Swietenia macrophylla)
Nome comercial
Mahogany, Caoba, Mara
Nome científico (autor)
Swietenia macrophylla King
Família
MELIACEAE
Nomes comuns
Zopilozontecomacuahuitl; Zopilote; Zopilocuahuitl; Venezuela mahogany; Tzutzul; Tabasco mahogany; Sisam; Resadillo; Red wood; Red cedar; Punab; Palo xopilote; Mogno do rio Jurupari; Mahogany Honduras; Madeira; Guatemala mahogany; Flor de veradillo; Costa Rica mahogany; Chiapas; Chacalte; Central American mahogany; Cedro-rana; Caoba de Honduras; Campeche; Broad-leaved mahogany; Brazilian mahogany; Big-leafed mahogany; Bay-mahogany; Bastard lime; Aquano de tabasco; Acajou du Honduras; Caoba (Peru); Palo Zopilote; Orura; Mara (Bolivia); Mahogany; Honduras Mahogany; Cobano; Chiculte; Caobilla; Caoba De Atlántico; Caguano; Bigleaf Mahogany; Big Leafed Mahogany; Belize Mahogany; Aguano (Brazil); Acajou Amerique; Acajou; Mogno (Brazil); Peruvian Mahogany; Grootblad Mahogany; Large Leaved Mahogany; Bay Mahogany; Tzopilote; Mahonie; Granadillo; Gateado; Flor De Venadillo; Crura; Cuban Mahogany; Central America Mahogany; Chiculti; Cedro Espinoso; Cedro Cebollo; Cedro Carmesi; Caoba Roja; Caoba Americana; Caoba Mahogany; Caoba Hondurena; Cabano; Acajou D`Amerique; Aguano De Tabasco; Baywood; Araputanga (Brazil); Acajou Blanc; American Mahogany
Nome científico sinônimo (autor
Swietenia krukovii Gleason; Swietenia candollei Pittier; Swietenia belizensis Lundell
DESCRIÇÃO DA ÁRVORE
Descrição botânica
It can reach a height of 35 m, with a diameter of 130 cm or more, but more commonly about 80 to 100 cm. The bole is cylindrical and straight, free of branches to about 15 to 20 m. m.presents well developed buttresses.
Habitat natural
Swietenia macrophylla is widely distributed in the Amazon basin, on terra firme forests. It prefers clayey soils. The level of exploitation has led to the exhaustion of supplies. particularly in the northern parts of its range. It is listed as endangered b
Distribuição natural
It is found from Central America to tropical South America. In Brazil it is reported to be more abundant in the south of Para state.
Existência de plantações?
S. macrophylla is planted all over the tropics. Plantations are reported in Fiji, Solomon Islands, Malaysia, Philippines, India, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA MADEIRA
Descrição anatômica da madeira (macro e micro)
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. White deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Simple perforatio Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
DISPONIBILIDADE
Situação CITES sobre a proteção
Listed in CITES II
DESCRIÇÃO GERAL DA MADEIRA
Odor ou Cheiro
Odor and taste are reported to be indistinct.
Cor
The sapwood is distinct but not clearly demarcated from the heartwood. The heartwood is reddish or pinkish brown when freshly cut, turning into a deep rich red brown color after exposure.
Indice de cor
4
Grã
The grain is straight to slightly interlocked. Depending on the cut, it often produces a highly attractive figure.
Veios ou desenhos na superfície
The texture is fine or medium, and uniform.
Brilho
The surface of the wood is naturally high in luster.
DURABILIDADE NATURAL
It has high durability, and is resistant to brown and white rot fungi. It is moderately resistant to dry-wood termites, but susceptible to marine borer attack.
Indice de durabilidade natural
2
Tensões internas do crescimento
Tension wood may be present, and may contribute to high longitudinal shrinkage.
Tratamento preservativo
This species is reported to be impermeable.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DA MADEIRA
Densidade básica (Peso seco/Volume saturado) (g/cm³)
0.52
Densidade seca ao ar 12% (g/cm³)
0.56
Contração Tangencial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
4.5
Contração Radial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
3.2
Defeitos causados pela secagem
Ease of Drying: It is reported to air season rapidly. Drying Defects: Moderate warping and surface checking. In Venezuela a tendency to collapse and twist is also reported. Kiln Schedules: Slow drying is recommended.
Programa de secagem recomendável
UK-F; US-T6-D4
Estabilidade dimensional (Contração Tangencial Total %/Contração Radial Total %)
1.4
PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS DA MADEIRA
PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA
Resistência a flexão a 12% (Módulo de ruptura) (kgf/cm²)
878
Flexão Estática a 12% (Módulo de elasticidade) (kgf/cm²)
99530
Resistência a compressão paralela as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
481
Resistência a compressão perpendicular as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
70
Cisalhamento radial a 12% (kgf/cm²)
96
Dureza Janka a 12% (perpendicular) (kgf)
370
Dureza Janka a 12% (paralela) (kgf)
495
TRABALHABILIDADE
Serrar ou Cortar
The wood offers small cutting resistance.
Desdobro da tora em torno para lâminas
S. macrophylla can be used for slicing and peeling (thermal treatment recommended).
Desdobro da tora em faqueadeira para lâminas
S. macrophylla can be used for slicing and peeling (thermal treatment recommended).
Desgaste de ferramentas
The wood has slight blunting effect on cutting edges.
Aplainamento
It is easy to plane, occasionally the grain may chip and tear.
Aplicação para molduras
The wood is reported to respond well to ordinary machine tools in molding.
Torneamento
30
Furação
Boring properties are rated as good.
Fresagem_ranhura_canais
The timber responds readily to ordinary tools in mortising operations.
Comportamento na aplicação de pregos
The timber is reported to have good nailing properties.
Colagem
This species is easy to glue.
Lixamento
Sanding operations are reported to be fairly easy.
Acabamento
It gives an excellent finish.
Aplicação de verniz
The wood takes stains well.
Revestimentos
Varnishing qualities are reported to be good.
Operação de lustre da superfície (brilho)
The wood polishes rather well.
Steam Bending
Steam bending properties are rated as fairly good.
Trabalhabilidade com ferramentas manuais
The wood is reported to respond well to hand tools.
Espécies alternativas
The following African species are also known as Mahogany: Khaya ivorensis , K. anthotheca , K. grandifolia , and K. senegalensis
USOS FINAIS RELATADOS
USOS FINAIS (RESUMO)
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, lasts, BENDING, chairs, tennis rackets, SPORTS, table tennis, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, guitar, handicrafts, moldings
CASAS
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Tábuas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Marcos de portas
- 16 - Woods of the World
Degraus de escada
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Painéis
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
MÓVEIS GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Móveis finos
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Gabinetes
- 24 - Empire Timbers
CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Lâminas de superfície das chapas
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Lâminas decorativas
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneamento
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Formas de sapateiro
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Resistência a flexão
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Cadeiras
- 36 - Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panama
Raquetes de tênis
- 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
INSTRUMENTOS ESPORTIVOS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Pin pong
- 41 - Embassy of the Philippines
CONSTRUÇÃO NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Barcos
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
ARTIGOS MUSICAIS E OUTROS
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Violão
- 65 - Maderas latinoamericanas VI. Bursera simaruba. Poulsenia armata, Pterocarpus officinalis y Ficus werckleana
Artesanato
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Molduras de quadros
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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