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AZOBé (Lophira alata)
Nome comercial
Azobé
Nome científico (autor)
Lophira alata Banks
Família
OCHNACEAE
Nomes comuns
Azobe (Côte d`Ivoire); Yasua; Umpenek; Umawerek; Red oak; Red ironwood; Prenkebi; Pone; Plu; Parapara; Ozobe; Otugba; Oteng; Okut; Okoka; Okoga; Okoa; Okikopom; Nokue; Ngohou ibenga; Namijin-kadai; N`goule; Meni oil tree; Malah; Liku; Lihos; Kyirebente; Kyirafunti; Kyere; Kunu; Kotublassu; Kokank; Kekrefunde; K`deng; Ironpost; Ipawhaw; Gue; Faboy; Esire; Enwan; Endui; Eleba; Ebba; Bokoka; Belengbe; Bankile; Asore; Akpakpla; Akogo; Akogka; African oak; A koura; Bongossi (Germany); Endwi (Sierra Leone); Aba (Nigeria); Eba (Nigeria); Esore (Côte d`Ivoire); Bakundu (Cameroon); Ekki (United Kingdom); Bonkole (Germany); Akoga (Equatorial Guinea); Bonkole (Congo); Akoga (Gabon); Bongossi (Cameroon); Ekki (Nigeria); Kaku (Ghana); Hendui (Sierra Leone); Azobe
Nome científico sinônimo (autor
Lophira tholloni Tiegh.; Lophira spatulata Tiegh.; Lophira simplex G. Don; Lophira procera A. Chev.; Lophira macrophylla Tiegh.; Lophira barteri Tiegh.; Lophira africana Banks ex G. Don
DESCRIÇÃO DA ÁRVORE
Descrição botânica
The tree reaches a height of 50 m, with trunk diameters up to 150 cm. The bole is usually straight, clear and cylindrical up to 30 m long. Not buttressed, but sometimes it is swollen at the base.
Habitat natural
Lophira alata is a pioneer species and occurs abundantly in wet evergreen forest. It is reported to grow in evergreen and moist deciduous forests, freshwater swamp forests, and close to riverbanks. It is known or inferred that the harvesting of specimens
Distribuição natural
West Africa.
Existência de plantações?
It has been planted in Cote d`Ivoire since 1926; it is a long rotation species for plantation. The duration of the rotation is 50 years, to reach 60 cm in diameter.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA MADEIRA
Descrição anatômica da madeira (macro e micro)
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). White deposits in heartwood vessels. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel- Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines or fine bands. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Prismatic crystals in short chains in chambered axial parenchyma cells. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Rays commonly 2 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
DISPONIBILIDADE
Situação CITES sobre a proteção
Unrestricted
DESCRIÇÃO GERAL DA MADEIRA
Cor
The sapwood is pale pink, it has a thickness of 5 cm. The heartwood is dark red to purple-brown, white deposits in the pores, it is clearly demarcated.
Indice de cor
2
Grã
The grain is slightly but systematically interlocked; special care is needed when drying because of frequent risks of distortion.
Veios ou desenhos na superfície
The wood is mostly coarse in texture.
DURABILIDADE NATURAL
Durable to decay; this species can be utilized without preservative treatment for exterior joinery or similar uses. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.
Indice de durabilidade natural
1
Tensões internas do crescimento
No growth stresses are reported in this species.
Conteúdo de sílica
Silica Content: Negligible content of silica is reported. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.03
Tratamento preservativo
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DA MADEIRA
Densidade básica (Peso seco/Volume saturado) (g/cm³)
0.91
Densidade seca ao ar 12% (g/cm³)
1.06
Contração Tangencial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
10.3
Contração Radial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
7.3
Defeitos causados pela secagem
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions when interlocked grain is present. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Programa de secagem recomendável
FR-13
Estabilidade dimensional (Contração Tangencial Total %/Contração Radial Total %)
1.4
Programa de secagem detalhado
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS DA MADEIRA
PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA
Resistência a flexão a 12% (Módulo de ruptura) (kgf/cm²)
1654
Flexão Estática a 12% (Módulo de elasticidade) (kgf/cm²)
218336
Resistência a compressão paralela as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
975
Resistência a compressão perpendicular as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
151
Cisalhamento radial a 12% (kgf/cm²)
148
Dureza Janka a 12% (perpendicular) (kgf)
1429
Dureza Janka a 12% (paralela) (kgf)
1389
TRABALHABILIDADE
Serrar ou Cortar
Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.
Desdobro da tora em torno para lâminas
Not suitable for veneering.
Desdobro da tora em faqueadeira para lâminas
Not suitable for veneering.
Desgaste de ferramentas
Moderate blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are advised.
Aspectos do processamento em máquinas
It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Aplainamento
Rather difficult; special tools are needed.
Aplicação para molduras
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Furação
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Fresagem_ranhura_canais
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Comportamento na aplicação de pregos
Pre-boring is necessary.
Colagem
Difficult to glue because of high density.
Lixamento
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Operação de lustre da superfície (brilho)
Needs pre-coating.
Steam Bending
Steam bending is difficult.
Trabalhabilidade com ferramentas manuais
Working with hand tools is difficult.
USOS FINAIS RELATADOS
USOS FINAIS (RESUMO)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossarms, crossties, piers, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, flooring, parquet, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring
EXTERIOR
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Pontes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Postes de energia
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Ripas para cercas
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Postes para cercas
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Varão de cerca
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Cruzetas
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Dormentes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Pilar
- 9 - Maderas latinoamericanas. IV, Nectandra sp. Ocotea austinii, Persea sp. aff. vesticula, Persea schiedeana
CASAS
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquets
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Tanoaria
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Carroceria de caminhão
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Pisos para assoalho de trem
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
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