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GONçALO-ALVEZ, JOBILLO (Astronium graveolens)
Nome comercial
Gonçalo-Alvez, Jobillo
Nome científico (autor)
Astronium graveolens Jacq.
Família
ANACARDIACEAE
Nomes comuns
Ron Ron; Palo De Culebra; Palo De Cera; Jobillo; Guarita; Gonçalo Alves (Brazil); Gateado; Frijolillo; Ciruelillo; Potrico; Zorro; Zebra Wood; Yomato; Vermelho (Brazil); Ubatin; Tibigaro; Rorón; Quebracho; Quebracha; Hormigo; Locuswood; Jenjiura; Guasango; Urunday; Tiger Wood; Bossona; Bois De Zebre; Urunday-Pará (Brazil); Mura; Zorrowood; Zebrawood; Tigerwood; Brazilian Kingwood; Gonçalo Alves Rajado Branco (Brazil); Guarabu Encirado (Brazil); Guarabu Bata (Brazil); Guarabu Rajado (Brazil); Jejuira (Brazil); Gusanero; Muiraquatiara (Brazil); Yoke; Kingwood
Nome científico sinônimo (autor
Astronium planchonianum Engl.; Astronium graveolens var. planchoniana Engl.; Astronium graveolens var. inodorum Triana & Planch; Astronium graveolens var. brasiliensis Engl; Astronium fraxinifolium var. glabrum Engl.; Astronium fraxinifolium Schott ex Spreng.
DESCRIÇÃO DA ÁRVORE
Descrição botânica
The trees can reach heights of 40 m, with trunk diameters ranging from 60 to 100 cm or more. They develop well-formed and cylindrical boles clear up to two thirds or more of the height of the tree. This species is reported to present narrow buttresses of
Habitat natural
Astronium species are found in primary, rarely in secondary, forests. It is also reported in Bolivia, in the humid savanna forests.
Distribuição natural
Central America and northern South America. It is common from Mexico to Bolivia (Beni).
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA MADEIRA
Descrição anatômica da madeira (macro e micro)
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coarse in marginal rows. Vessel-ray pits larger than the intervessel pits. Occasionally intervess Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly Septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
DISPONIBILIDADE
Situação CITES sobre a proteção
Unrestricted
DESCRIÇÃO GERAL DA MADEIRA
Odor ou Cheiro
It has no discernible odor or taste.
Cor
The sapwood is clearly demarcated from the heartwood. The heartwood is usually reddish-brown or orange brown, with dark brown streaks, darkening after exposure.
Indice de cor
2
Grã
Grain varies, it is straight to wavy or interlocked.
Veios ou desenhos na superfície
Texture is fine to medium.
DURABILIDADE NATURAL
It is very durable and it is resistant to wood rotting fungi. It is also resistant to termites and dry-wood insects attacks.
Indice de durabilidade natural
1
Tratamento preservativo
It is reported to be extremely resistant to preservative treatment.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DA MADEIRA
Densidade básica (Peso seco/Volume saturado) (g/cm³)
0.86
Densidade seca ao ar 12% (g/cm³)
1.00
Contração Tangencial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
7.8
Contração Radial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
4.6
Defeitos causados pela secagem
Ease of Drying: It is reported to be easy to moderately difficult to air season, drying is rated as moderate to rapid. Drying Defects: Slight warping and checking.
Programa de secagem recomendável
US-T3-C2; UK-C
Estabilidade dimensional (Contração Tangencial Total %/Contração Radial Total %)
1.7
PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS DA MADEIRA
PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA
Resistência a flexão a 12% (Módulo de ruptura) (kgf/cm²)
1502
Flexão Estática a 12% (Módulo de elasticidade) (kgf/cm²)
183812
Resistência a compressão paralela as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
752
Resistência a compressão perpendicular as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
136
Cisalhamento radial a 12% (kgf/cm²)
132
Dureza Janka a 12% (perpendicular) (kgf)
1068
Dureza Janka a 12% (paralela) (kgf)
1043
TRABALHABILIDADE
Serrar ou Cortar
It is a very heavy wood and it requires power for sawing.
Desdobro da tora em torno para lâminas
This species is interesting for slicing.
Desdobro da tora em faqueadeira para lâminas
This species is interesting for slicing.
Desgaste de ferramentas
Wood of this species produces a moderate blunting effect. Tools reinforced with carbide-tipped blades and cutters are recommended.
Aplainamento
Planing operations are difficult, with rough surfaces. Frequently torn grain is reported.
Torneamento
30
Comportamento na aplicação de pregos
Pre-boring is recommended in nailing.
Colagem
Special precaution is recommended in gluing because of the extractives content.
Lixamento
The wood is reported to be generally easy to sand.
Acabamento
No grain filling is required to obtain a smooth finish.
Operação de lustre da superfície (brilho)
The wood can be polished and finished very easily.
Espécies alternativas
Dalbergia spp.
USOS FINAIS RELATADOS
USOS FINAIS (RESUMO)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, paling, rails, crossarms, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, heavy packing, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck
EXTERIOR
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Pontes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Ripas para cercas
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Varão de cerca
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Cruzetas
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Dormentes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
CASAS
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Vigotas
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Tábuas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Marcos de portas
- 16 - Woods of the World
Degraus de escada
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Painéis
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
MÓVEIS GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Móveis comuns
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Lâminas decorativas
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneamento
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Artigos torneados
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Artigos torneados
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Cabo de faca
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
FERRAMENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Mangos herramientas
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Cabos de instrumentos agrícolas
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
PALETES PARA EMBALAGENS
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Caixotaria pesada
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Carroceria de caminhão
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Pisos para assoalho de trem
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUÇÃO NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Coberta para barcos
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
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