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IROKO (Milicia excelsa)
Nome comercial
Iroko
Nome científico (autor)
Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.Berg
Família
MORACEAE
Nomes comuns
Semli (Sierra Leone); Semei (Sierra Leone); Rokko (Nigeria); Semli (Liberia); Semei (Liberia); Odum (Ghana); Iroko (Côte d`Ivoire); iroko (Benin); Kambala (Belgium); Molundu (Zaire); Mokongo (Zaire); Lusanga (Zaire); Kambala (Zaire); Mandji (Gabon); Abang (Gabon); Abang (Equatorial Guinea); Kambala (Congo); Abang (Cameroon); Mvuli (Uganda); Mvule (Uganda); Mvuli (Tanzania); Mvule (Tanzania); Mvuli (Kenya); Mvule (Kenya); Mvuli (Ethiopia); Mvule (Ethiopia); Tule (Mozambique); Mufala (Mozambique); Moreira (Angola); Vai; Ulundu; Uloko-mushinogbon; Ulok; Uklobce; Tule; Toumbohiro noir; Tema; Teak; Ssare; Simli; Sime; Semli; Semei; Sanga; Rokko; Roco; Rock elm; Oroko ulokoodigpe; Oroko; Olwaa; Olia; Ofryio; Oduna; Odum; Odoum; Odji; Obas tree; Ntong; Nsan; Mvule; Muvule; Mutumba; Mucoco; Muberry; Moreira; Moloundou; Mokongo; Mereira; Mbara; Mbala; Mandji; Mamangi; Lusanga; Loko; Logo asagu; Kimurumba; Kambala; Intule; Gutumba; Guh; Guele; Geh; Emang; Elui; Elua; Elowa; Corkwood; Bwagashanga; Bush teak; Bush oak; Bonzo; Bobang; Banghi; Bang; Bakana; Akede; Agui; African teak; African oak; Abang; Iroko
Nome científico sinônimo (autor
Morus excelsa Welw.; Chlorophora excelsa (Welw.) Benth.
DESCRIÇÃO DA ÁRVORE
Descrição botânica
The tree is up to 30 to 48 m tall, with diameters up to 150 cm. The commercial lengths vary from 9 to 24 m.
Habitat natural
Milicia excelsa is widespread at altitudes below 1,000 m, it grows under a variety of conditions. It is known or inferred that the harvesting of specimens from the wild for international trade has, or may have, a detrimental impact on the species by EITHE
Distribuição natural
It is widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa.
Usos não madeiravéis
Contains some resins or extracts which could pose problems when machining or finishing.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA MADEIRA
Descrição anatômica da madeira (macro e micro)
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits lar Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Rays non-storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
DISPONIBILIDADE
Situação CITES sobre a proteção
Unrestricted
DESCRIÇÃO GERAL DA MADEIRA
Cor
The sapwood is yellowish white, it has a thickness of 5 to 7.5 cm. The heartwood is yellow brown to dark brown, it is clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine.
Indice de cor
5
Grã
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Veios ou desenhos na superfície
The texture is typically medium to coarse.
Brilho
Luster is usually low.
DURABILIDADE NATURAL
Because of variable resistance to decay, this species can be only considered as durable to decay; it can be utilized without preservative treatment for exterior joinery or similar uses. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attack
Indice de durabilidade natural
2
Tensões internas do crescimento
No residual growth stresses are found.
Conteúdo de sílica
Silica Content: Silica content is negligible. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Tratamento preservativo
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DA MADEIRA
Densidade básica (Peso seco/Volume saturado) (g/cm³)
0.59
Densidade seca ao ar 12% (g/cm³)
0.65
Contração Tangencial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
5.5
Contração Radial Total (Saturado até peso seco) (%)
3.6
Programa de secagem recomendável
FR-6
Estabilidade dimensional (Contração Tangencial Total %/Contração Radial Total %)
1.5
Programa de secagem detalhado
http://www.tropicaltimber.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/KD_French.pdf
PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS DA MADEIRA
PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DA MADEIRA
Resistência a flexão a 12% (Módulo de ruptura) (kgf/cm²)
893
Flexão Estática a 12% (Módulo de elasticidade) (kgf/cm²)
135725
Resistência a compressão paralela as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
556
Resistência a compressão perpendicular as fibras a 12% (kgf/cm²)
72
Cisalhamento radial a 12% (kgf/cm²)
67
Dureza Janka a 12% (perpendicular) (kgf)
522
Dureza Janka a 12% (paralela) (kgf)
623
TRABALHABILIDADE
Serrar ou Cortar
It is easy to saw.
Desdobro da tora em torno para lâminas
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Desdobro da tora em faqueadeira para lâminas
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Desgaste de ferramentas
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Aspectos do processamento em máquinas
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Aplainamento
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Aplicação para molduras
Easy; no particular problems.
Torneamento
30
Furação
Easy; no particular problems.
Fresagem_ranhura_canais
Easy; no particular problems.
Comportamento na aplicação de pregos
No particular problem.
Colagem
Difficult to glue because of the extracts content.
Lixamento
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Operação de lustre da superfície (brilho)
Needs pre-coating.
Steam Bending
This species can be used for steam bending.
Trabalhabilidade com ferramentas manuais
No particular problems.
USOS FINAIS RELATADOS
USOS FINAIS (RESUMO)
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts
CASAS
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Vigotas
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Tábuas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquets
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Marcos de portas
- 16 - Woods of the World
Degraus de escada
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Painéis
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Acessórios de madeira
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MÓVEIS GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Móveis finos
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Gabinetes
- 24 - Empire Timbers
CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Lâminas de superfície das chapas
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Lâminas decorativas
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneamento
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Artigos torneados
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Artigos torneados
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Cabo de faca
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Formas de sapateiro
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Tanoaria
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Carroceria de caminhão
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Pisos para assoalho de trem
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
CONSTRUÇÃO NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Coberta para barcos
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Storage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Artesanato
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
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