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KAYU HUJAN (Engelhardtia roxburghiana)

Trade Name

Kayu hujan

Scientific Name

Engelhardtia roxburghiana Lindl. Ex Wallich

Family

JUGLANDACEAE

Common Names

Dungun paya (Malaysia); Kayu hujan; Ki hujan (Indonesia); Malay beam; Chejo (Vietnam); Kha hot (Thailand); Lupisan (Philippines); Sansanglang (Malaysia); Engel (Papua New Guinea); Tansanglang (Sarawak)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Engelhardtia wallichiana Lindl. Ex C. DC.; Engelhardtia polystachya Radlk.; Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a small to medium sized tree, up to 35 m tall. The bole is straight and cylindrical, branchless for 15 m, up to 90 cm of diameter. It presents buttresses usually 3 m high.

Natural Habitat

Engelhardtia is found scattered in evergreen primary lowland or montane rainforests, to more open bush savanna vegetation. It is often reported on leached acidic yellow soils up to 2,000 m of altitude.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Occasionally multiple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Occasionally prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells proc Fibers very thin walled. Occasionally fibers with distinctly bordered pits.

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

There is no characteristic odor or taste.

Color

The heartwood is yellow-brown to red-brown, not clearly defined from the sapwood.

Grain

The grain is straight, interlocked or slightly wavy.

Texture

The texture is moderately fine to slightly coarse.

Luster

This wood is frequently moderate in luster.

Natural Durability

The wood is rated as non durable.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.52

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.57

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.5

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.7

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Champaca is reported to season well with minimum degrade.

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.4

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

923

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

102640

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

460

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

102

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

359

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

579

Workability

Sawing

Sawing slightly blunts the saw teeth.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Sliced Veneer

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Blunting Effect

Wood of this species has a slight blunting effect.

Planing

Planing is reported to be fair to difficult.

Turning

30

Nailing

Nailing properties of this wood are reported as good to fair.

Finishing

This species has a good to fair behavior in finishing.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, matches, moldings

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Sports
  • 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Matches
  • 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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