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ANDIRA (Andira spp)
Trade Name
Andira
Scientific Name
Andira spp.
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Andira; Angelim-Rosa (Brazil); Angelim-Da-Mata (Brazil); Andirobeira (Brazil); Andirá-Uchi (Brazil); Andirá (Brazil); Anani-Da-Terra-Firme (Brazil); Kuraru; Angelim (Brazil); Saint Martin Rouge; Koraro
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
Andira trees are generally medium size unarmed trees, occasionally up to 35 m high.
Natural Habitat
Andira trees are reported in temporarily inundated rain forests and semideciduous forests of central and South America. This genus is found in primary and secondary forests.
Natural Distribution
This genus is reported to be common in tropical America, especially in Central America and northern South America
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. I Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The color of the heartwood is pink brown to red brown, with pale veins which are observed on the tangential surface.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
2
Grain
The grain is usually straight or slightly interlocked.
Texture
Texture is described as coarse.
Natural Durability
Andira is durable against fungi attack. This species is rated as resistant against termite attack. It is not attacked by Lyctus.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
1
Internal Growth Stresses
Presence of important internal stresses is reported.
Resistance To Impregnation
It is difficult to impregnate.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.77
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.88
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.7
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
US-T3-D2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1471
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
153049
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
759
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
94
Workability
Sawing
Presence of important internal stresses are reported to affect sawing.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
This species can be sliced to produce decorative veneer.
Sliced Veneer
This species can be sliced to produce decorative veneer.
Blunting Effect
It is considered to have a moderate blunting effect on the cutting elements.
Machining
Machining operations are not difficult, but special tools are recommended. A tendency to raised grain is reported in planing. Risk of splinters are reported as well.
Planing
This species is easy to plane.
Turning
30
Nailing
Pre-boring is necessary.
Gluing
Careful gluing is recommended.
Finishing
Andira has a good behavior, but it requires care during sanding and finishing.
Polishing
It has a good polishing.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
EXTERIOR GENERAL, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, heavy packing, pallets, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, yoke
Exterior General
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Crossties
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Heavy Packing
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Yokes
- 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America
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