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ANDOK (Irvingia gabonensis)

Trade Name

Andok

Scientific Name

Irvingia gabonensis Baill.

Family

IRVINGIACEAE

Common Names

Ogwe (Nigeria); Boborou (Côte d`Ivoire); Andok (Gabon); Eniok (Congo); Ebi (Central African Republic); Ntwa (Cameroon); Bwiba banbale (Cameroon); Wild mango; Vjiri; Udika; Oropa; Opopa; Ogui; Ogbou; Ogboin; Nsing; Mutendo; Mukessu; Mombulu; Mbei; Kpele; Kpeh; Keega; Gbele; Etue; Etu; Diuka mahogany; Dika-nut tree; Dika-bread tree; Dika; Dibiue mutshi ditoke; Bopala; Bojep; Boborau; Boborae; Boboi; Bobo; Belle-tu; Andok oba; An-gbere; Agbons; African mango; Oba (Nigeria); Oro (Nigeria); Mueba (Zaire); Meba (Zaire); Andok (Cameroon); Wanini (Côte d`Ivoire); Boboru (Côte d`Ivoire)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Mangifera gabonensis; Irvingia tenuinucleata van Tiegh.; Irvingia barteri Hook. f.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

The tree reaches a height of 30 m. The bole is usually straight, cylindrical and slightly buttressed. The trunk diameter attains 100 to 170 cm.

Natural Habitat

The tropical evergreen rain forest is the optimal habitat for Irvingia gabonensis. However, it occurs also in gallery forest, near riverbanks or other damp locations, and semi-deciduous forest. It is even found in towns or on the outskirts of villages.

Natural Distribution

Western tropical Africa, from Senegal to Angola.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits coa Axial parenchyma in discontinuous tangential lines. Prismatic crystals in short chains in chambered axial parenchyma cells. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more than 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The sapwood is yellow with red stripes. The heartwood is pale brown to grey-brown, it is sapwood and heartwood are not always differentiated.

Grain

Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.

Texture

The wood is typically fine in texture.

Natural Durability

Moderately durable to decay. Without preservative treatment, this species can be used when risks of occasional re-humidification, but it is not suited for uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

3

Silica Content

Silica Content: It is reported to have a negligible amount of silica. Contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0

Resistance To Impregnation

Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.81

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.93

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

11.2

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.6

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions when interlocked grain is present. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

FR-11

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.7

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1431

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

255439

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

779

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

112

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

154

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

1075

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

1108

Workability

Sawing

Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Not suitable for veneering.

Sliced Veneer

Not suitable for veneering.

Blunting Effect

Moderate blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are advised.

Machining

It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.

Planing

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Moulding

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Turning

30

Boring

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Mortising

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Nailing

Pre-boring is necessary.

Gluing

Difficult to glue because of high density.

Sanding

Easy to perform; it gives good results.

Polishing

Can be polished without surface preparation.

Response To Hand Tools

Working with hand tools is difficult.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, parquet, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poles
  • 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
  • 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Parquet
  • 15 - Empire Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Sports
  • 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
  • 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)

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