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BAKAU (Bruguiera gymnorhiza)

Trade Name

Bakau

Scientific Name

Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny

Family

Rhizophoraceae

Common Names

Putut (Sabah); Kong-kang hua sum (Thailand); Berus kurong (Sarawak); Tumu merah (Malaysia); Tanjang (Indonesia); Burma mangrove; Kong kang (Cambodia); Putut (Indonesia); Byu-u-talon (Myanmar); Black mangrove (Papua New Guinea); Mangoro (Papua New Guinea); Busaing (Philippines); Tumu merah (Singapore); Prasak nhii (Cambodia); Prasak tooch (Cambodia); Bakau besar (Malaysia); Prasak (Thailand); Vejt duf (Vietnam)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Rhizophora palun DC.; Rhizophora gymnorhiza L.; Bruguiera rheedii Blume; Bruguiera rhedii Tul.; Bruguiera conjugata Merr.; Bruguiera capensis Blume

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a tree up to 35 m tall, 45 cm in diameter and often with buttresses up to 1 m high.

Natural Habitat

Bruguiera is a typical element of the mangrove community.

Natural Distribution

It is common in the tropics. It is distributed from tropical East Africa to South and South East Asia, including northern Australia.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Occasionally tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 more than 20 (very abundant). Intervessel pits scalariform. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Multiple perforatio Occasionally axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Occasionally apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally paratracheal 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Ray height more than 1 mm. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Occasionally sheath cells. Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent wi Septate fibers present. Fibers very thick walled. Occasionally fibers with distinctly bordered pits. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The sapwood is pale brown, not sharply demarcated from the light brown heartwood, which turns red-brown on exposure.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

5

Grain

The grain is usually straight.

Texture

The wood is typically fine in texture.

Luster

Quarter sawn faces are reportedly lustrous.

Natural Durability

This species is not very durable when exposed to the weather, but fairly durable in salt water.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

6

Silica Content

Silica Content: It contains 0.1% silica. Silica Value: 0.1

Resistance To Impregnation

This timber can be impregnated fairly easily.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.85

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.98

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

12.3

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.3

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.9

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1258

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

147806

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

693

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

163

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

812

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

1050

Workability

Machining

This species is easy to machine.

Finishing

Wood of this species is easy to finish.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, stakes posts, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, flooring, parquet, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, TOOLS, tool handles

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poles
  • 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Stake Posts
  • 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
  • 15 - Empire Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
  • 24 - Empire Timbers
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)

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