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BAKAU (Rhizophora apiculata)

Trade Name

Bakau

Scientific Name

Rhizophora apiculata Blume

Family

Rhizophoraceae

Common Names

Uakatan; Sagasa; Red mangrove; Rai; Pyu; Payonapo; Pariccha kandal; Pang ka sai; Pang ka bai lek; Paga-paga; Kong kang; Khamo; Kaya kandal; Kang kang rhi; Kandal; Jangkar; Haura; Buayohon; Bhora; Bankao; Bangkita; Bangkau; Balbaro; Bako; Bakhao; Bakauan-lalaki; Bakauan-babai; Bakauan; Bakau minyak; Bakau; Bakad; Asiatic mangrove

Scientific Name Synonyms

Rhizophora candelaria DC.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium-sized tree up to 30 m tall, 75 cm in diameter. Rhizophora apiculata is a source of tannins.

Natural Habitat

It is common in marine and tidal swamps, where it forms almost pure, dense communities.

Non Timber Uses

The bark of Rhizophora has a high tannin content.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Tyloses common. Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Multiple perforation plates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Septate fibers present. Fibers very thick walled.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

It has a characteristic mud smell which gradually fades.

Color

The sapwood is not well demarcated from heartwood, which is purplish-red, dark red-brown to yellowish-red.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

The grain is straight, rarely interlocked.

Texture

The texture is fine to very fine.

Luster

The luster is moderate.

Natural Durability

The timber is very stable, not prone to marine borer, termite or fungal attack.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

4

Silica Content

Silica Content: It contains 0.1% silica. Silica Value: 0.1

Resistance To Impregnation

The wood is reported to be impermeable to wood preservatives.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.83

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.96

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

11.7

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.1

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is fairly easy; some difficulties could occur when drying too fast. Drying Defects: No particular risks of drying defects, subject to normal drying conditions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

3.8

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1065

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

127

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

1236

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

1082

Workability

Sawing

This species saws fairly well although it is hard and heavy.

Machining

It works well with most tools despite it is hard and heavy.

Planing

It planes well but occasionally grain pick up may occur.

Nailing

It tends to split in nailing but it has good nail holding properties. Pre-boring is recommended.

Gluing

It is moderately easy to glue.

Finishing

It takes a good polish without filling.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, poles, crossties, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, flooring, TOOLS, tool handles, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, port pillar, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, paper

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Poles
  • 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Crossties
  • 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Containers
  • 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
  • 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
  • 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Port Pillar
  • 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port Storage
  • 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Paper
  • 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.

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