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BAYUR (Pterospermum javanicum)

Trade Name

Bayur

Scientific Name

Pterospermum javanicum Jungh.

Family

Sterculiaceae

Common Names

Bayur (Indonesia); Nwalabyin (Myanmar); Melerang (Malaysia); Letop-letop (Malaysia); Bayur (Malaysia); Wadang (Indonesia)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Pterospermum blumeanum Korth

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium size to large tree, up to 45 meters in length. The bole is often fluted, short or crooked, but sometimes fairly straight and branchless for up to 30 meters. The diameter can be from 100 to 120 cm, with stout buttresses up to 2 meters high.

Natural Habitat

Pterospermum species occur scattered in primary forests or locally abundant in secondary forests, especially on river banks, up to 1,400 m of altitude.

Natural Distribution

It is distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. In Sabah it is frequent and mainly in the East Coast.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Rays storied. Tile cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).

  • Wood Macro Photo Radial Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The heartwood is pale brown to pale red-brown with a purplish tinge, not clearly demarcated from the paler sapwood.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

The grain is straight or shallowly interlocked.

Texture

The texture is moderately fine to slightly coarse.

Natural Durability

The wood is durable for interior use and reputedly for use under water. It is also resistant to wood-rotting fungi. The sapwood is susceptible to moderately resistant to Lyctus. The resistance of the wood to termites is variable.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

2

Resistance To Impregnation

The wood is moderately easy to easy to treat with preservatives.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.46

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.50

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.8

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

4.0

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions.

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.5

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

563

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

81393

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

293

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

48

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

33

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

236

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

310

Workability

Rotary Veneer Cutting

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Sliced Veneer

This timber is reported to be suitable for lamination.

Machining

It is easy to machine.

Finishing

It gives a good finishing.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, matches, paper

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
  • 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
  • 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Matches
  • 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Paper
  • 82 - Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign woods (Part 2) Central and South America.

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