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BERANGAN (Castanopsis argentea)

Trade Name

Berangan

Scientific Name

Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC.

Family

FAGACEAE

Common Names

Sarangan (Indonesia); Saninten (Indonesia); Berangan (Indonesia); Tungeureuk (Indonesia)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Fagus argentea Blume; Castanea argentea (Blume) Blume

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium-sized to fairly large tree up to 35 m tall. The bole is branchless for up to 25 m, up to 100 cm in diameter, not buttressed.

Natural Habitat

It occurs in primary or old secondary forests, often on dry or fertile soils, at a range of 150 to 1,400 m of altitude.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Vessel-ray pits reticulate and/or foraminate. Simple perforation plates. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma in narrow bands on lines up to 3 cells wide. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

The freshly sawn wood smells like tannin.

Color

The heartwood is generally pale red or pinkish when freshly cut but it turns to yellowish-brown, brown or dark red-brown upon exposure. It is indistinctly demarcated from the sapwood, which is straw-colored to pale brown, often with a greenish tinge.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

5

Grain

The grain is usually fairly straight but sometimes interlocked.

Texture

The texture of the wood is frequently coarse.

Luster

The wood is lustrous when freshly cut but it becomes dull with age.

Natural Durability

This species is reportedly moderately durable.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

3

Silica Content

Silica Content: It is non-siliceous. Silica Value: 0

Resistance To Impregnation

Heartwood penetration is irregular, but the sapwood is easily treatable.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.69

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.78

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

9.6

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.7

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Drying is reported to be easy and fast. Air drying of 4 cm thick boards takes about 70 days. Drying Defects: Risk of surface checking, cupping, warping and end splitting is reported. Kiln-dried boards are usually free from serious defects, but cupping may occur. Kiln Schedules: Schedule recommended for Ramin. For stock over 1-1/2 inches the UK schedule B is recommended. In Malaysia kiln-drying schedule C is advised, but kiln schedule B for boards thicker than 4 cm. Kiln drying of 2.5 cm thick boards to12% moisture content takes

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.6

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

978

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

109517

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

559

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

78

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

474

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

561

Workability

Sawing

The response of this wood in sawing is easy to fair.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Slices and peels well when steamed. The wood can be peeled into 1.5-mm thick veneer at a peeling angle of 92 degrees after boiling for 48 hours, but the veneer is brittle and cannot be rolled.

Sliced Veneer

Slices and peels well when steamed. The wood can be peeled into 1.5-mm thick veneer at a peeling angle of 92 degrees after boiling for 48 hours, but the veneer is brittle and cannot be rolled.

Machining

It is easy to machine.

Planing

Planing is easy to moderately easy and, with some care, the finish is good.

Moulding

Molding operations are reported as good to fair.

Boring

Boring operations are easy to fair.

Mortising

Mortising operations are rated as easy to fair.

Nailing

It can split on nailing, pre-boring is recommended.

Gluing

Gluing behavior is reportedly good.

Sanding

This species has a good to fair behavior in sanding.

Finishing

With some care it gives a good finish.

Coatings

Painting or varnishing of this wood is easy.

Polishing

When polish is applied a fine and beautiful silver-grain figure often becomes visible.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, stakes posts, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, PACKING, pallets, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, shingle

Exterior General
  • 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Bridges
  • 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Stake Posts
  • 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Pallets
  • 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Shingles
  • 77 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume I; Tapajós National Forest

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