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CELTIS (Celtis rigescens)

Trade Name

Celtis

Scientific Name

Celtis rigescens (Miq.) Planch

Family

ULMACEAE

Common Names

Asin-asin (Indonesia); Rempelas (Indonesia); Mempelas bulan (Malaysia); Ainam (Indonesia)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Celtis sumatrana (Miq.) Planch; Celtis nymanii K. Schumann; Celtis asperifolia Merr.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

Celtis trees can reach up to 45 m, with straight and cylindrical boles, up to 100 cm of diameter. The buttresses are absent or up to 3 m high.

Natural Habitat

Celtis rigescens grows in lowland primary and secondary forests.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Occasionally paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Occasionally axial parenchyma confluent. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Occasionally a Occasionally rays of two distinct sizes. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Occasionally body ray cells procumbent with over 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-I). Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 t Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

The wood has a strong fetid odor when fresh.

Color

The heartwood is usually pale brown to pale yellow-brown, moderately distinct to indistinct from the white or pale sapwood.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

5

Grain

The grain is usually interlocked, sometimes straight.

Texture

The texture is fine to moderately fine, sometimes moderately coarse.

Natural Durability

The wood is readily attacked by fungi and insects when exposed to the weather or in contact with the ground.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Internal Growth Stresses

Tension wood may occur and cause twisting and warping.

Resistance To Impregnation

Celtis is reported to be permeable to preservatives.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.59

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.66

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

8.1

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.1

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Shrinkage of the wood during air drying is low.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

JP-24; UK-H

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.6

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

871

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

99309

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

407

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

41

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

117

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

328

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

404

Workability

Blunting Effect

Wood of this species produces a moderate blunting effect.

Machining

It is moderately easy to work if it is free of tension wood. Sometimes difficult due to crystalline deposits, which blunt tools readily.

Planing

It usually gives a rough surface due to interlocked grain.

Steam Bending

The wood is suitable for bent work.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, BENDING, tennis rackets, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, port pillar, port storage, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, moldings

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Bending
  • 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Tennis Rackets
  • 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Decking
  • 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Pillar
  • 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Port Storage
  • 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
Molding
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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