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CORAçãO DE NEGRO (Swartzia leiocalycina)

Trade Name

Coração de negro

Scientific Name

Swartzia leiocalycina Benth.

Family

LEGUMINOSAE

Common Names

Bois Perdrix (France); Ferreol (France); Wamara (Germany); Ferreol (Germany); Zwart Parelhout (Surinam); Ijzerhart (Surinam); Gandoe (Surinam); Panacoco (French Guiana); Wamara (Guyana); Agui (Guyana); Banya (Guyana); Carrapatinho (Brazil); Gombeira (Brazil); Coração De Negro (Brazil); Ebony; Panacoco (France); British Guyana Ebony; Wamara (United Kingdom); Ironwood (United Kingdom)

Scientific Name Synonyms

Tunatea leiocalycina (Benth.) Kuntze; Tounatea leiocalycina (Benth.) Taub.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

Trees of 20 to 25 m tall, up to 30 m, with 50 to 60 cm in diameter. The boles are straight and cylindrical, with average lengths of 15 m. Tall buttresses are present.

Natural Habitat

Swartzia leiocalycina is found in primary forests, on well drained areas.

Natural Distribution

This species is reported to be distributed in the Amazon basin and northern South America.

Non Timber Uses

Logs are reported to be small, with wide sapwood.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Occasionally vessels with colored deposits. White deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Occasionally axial parenchyma apparent with the naked eye. Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma oblique and/or sinuous. Axial parenchyma storied. Occasio Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays storied.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The color of the heartwood is usually purplish dark maroon to purplish black with lighter fine streaks.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

1

Grain

The direction of the grain is straight or slightly interlocked.

Texture

The texture of the wood is medium.

Natural Durability

It is very durable against decay. This species is also very resistant against termites.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

1

Resistance To Impregnation

The heartwood is extremely difficult to impregnate.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

1.08

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

1.30

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

8.8

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.8

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: It is reported to be difficult to air season. Drying Defects: Risk of warping is reported.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-B; US-T2-C2

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.5

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

2089

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

236408

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

866

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

194

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

1856

Workability

Sawing

Cutting behavior is reported to be fair.

Blunting Effect

It has a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools.

Machining

The response of this species to machining operations is fair.

Turning

30

Nailing

This species is reported to have a poor nailing behavior.

Gluing

This species has a fair to poor behavior in gluing.

Finishing

Wood of this species is easy to finish.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, BENDING, chairs, tennis rackets, SPORTS, bowling polo balls, TOOLS, tool handles, agricultural tools, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat fins, boat deck, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, violin, axle, yoke

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
  • 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Decorative veneer
  • 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
  • 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
  • 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
  • 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Bending
  • 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Chairs
  • 36 - Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panama
Tennis Rackets
  • 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Sports
  • 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Balls Bowling Polo
  • 40 - Internet
Tools
  • 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Tool Handles
  • 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
Agricultural Tools
  • 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Containers
  • 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
  • 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
  • 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Fins
  • 58 - Guía de Árboles de Bolivia
Boat Decking
  • 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Pillar
  • 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Other & Musical Instruments
  • 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Violin
  • 64 - Maderas latinoamericanas. V. Carapa sp., Virola koschnyi, Terminalia lucida y Brosimum costaricanum.
Axles
  • 73 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Yokes
  • 74 - World Timbers, Vol.2, North and South America

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