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DIANIA (Celtis adolfi-friderici)

Trade Name

Diania

Scientific Name

Celtis adolfi-friderici Engl.

Family

ULMACEAE

Common Names

Zuwo (Nigeria); Ita (Nigeria); Dunki (Nigeria); lokonfi (Liberia); esa-kosua (Ghana); Esa-biri (Ghana); Lohonfé (Côte d`Ivoire); African celtis (United Kingdom); Diania (Zaire); Engo (Gabon); Ekembe bakaswa (Uganda); Kiliakamba (Angola); Yisapie; Yisamere; Yisa nkesua; Yisa kukubin; Toro; Ohia nagumu; Ohia; Odu elias; Odu; Mboul; Lokonfi; Lohonfe; Kolohonfe; Killiakamba; Itako; Ita; Isamere; Isa pie; Isa nkesua; Isa kukubin; Gombi; Fusa; Esa-pie; Esa-kosua; Esa-kokobin; Esa-biri; Esa pia; Esa; Engo; Celtis; Bunyoro; Baa-biri; Ba; Atako; Asable; Diania

Scientific Name Synonyms

Celtis fragifera A. Chev.

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

The tree reaches a height of 40 m, with a trunk diameter from 60 to 80 cm. The bole is usually clear, straight and cylindrical, with thin and low buttresses.

Natural Habitat

Celtis adolfi-friderici is found in transitional and deciduous forests.

Natural Distribution

West and Central Africa.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Occasionally white deposits in heartwood vessels. Tyloses thin walled. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium) Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma aliform. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

Light and pleasant odor.

Color

The heartwood is white or light-yellow when freshly cut, turning grey-white with age, it is not clearly demarcated.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

7

Grain

Straight or sometimes interlocked. Usually interlocked grain is absent or very slight, without any effect on further processing operations.

Texture

Texture is reported to be fine to medium.

Luster

The wood surface is described as low in luster.

Natural Durability

Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. Heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Internal Growth Stresses

For this species no growth stresses are reported.

Silica Content

Silica Content: Negligible contents of silica are found in timber of this species. Amounts over 0.05% may affect the wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01

Resistance To Impregnation

Easy to treat with a full penetration of the preservative products using vacuum-pressure method.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.60

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.67

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

7.6

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.9

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is moderately difficult but with little or no degrade. Drying Defects: Risk of end splitting and surface checking. Kiln Schedules: Presents little difficulty in kiln drying. Care should be taken to avoid too rapid drying.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

FR-7

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.0

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1063

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

149421

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

552

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

71

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

95

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

548

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

648

Workability

Sawing

It is easy to saw.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.

Sliced Veneer

Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.

Blunting Effect

Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.

Machining

Machining of this species is reportedly easy.

Planing

Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.

Moulding

Easy; no particular problems.

Turning

30

Boring

Easy; no particular problems.

Mortising

Easy; no particular problems.

Nailing

Pre-boring is necessary.

Gluing

Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.

Sanding

Easy to perform; it gives good results.

Polishing

Can be polished without surface preparation.

Steam Bending

This species can be used for steam bending.

Response To Hand Tools

No particular problems.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, cores, common veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, PACKING, heavy packing, pallets, CONTAINERS, truck bodies, truck flooring, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, matches, moldings

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
  • 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
  • 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
  • 15 - Empire Timbers
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
  • 19 - Silica in Timbers
Shutter Boards
  • 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
  • 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
  • 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Cores
  • 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Common Veneer
  • 29 - Embassy of Ecuador in Japan
Turning
  • 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
  • 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
  • 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
  • 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Lasts
  • 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Heavy Packing
  • 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Pallets
  • 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Truck Body
  • 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
  • 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Matches
  • 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Molding
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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