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DURIAN (Durio carinatus)

Trade Name

Durian

Scientific Name

Durio carinatus Masters

Family

BOMBACACEAE

Common Names

Durian hantu (Indonesia); Durian paya (Malaysia); Durian paya (Indonesia); Durian burung (Indonesia); Durian (Indonesia); Durian (France); Durian (United Kingdom); Durian (Sabah); Durian (Philippines); Durian (Spain); Durian (Germany); Durian (Netherlands); Durian (Italy); Durian (United States of America)

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

It is a medium-sized to large tree up to 45 m tall, with bole branchless for up to 27 m and up to 120 cm in diameter, usually without buttresses. Large trees often with small buttresses up to 1.5 m high, sometimes with knee roots.

Natural Habitat

This species is reported to grow in marshy locations, especially in peat swamp forests.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Simple perforation plates. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras or less. Axial parenchyma reticulate. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Tile cells. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III).

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

The wood has a fetid smell when freshly sawn.

Color

The heartwood is pinkish-brown, red to deep red-brown, and usually distinctly demarcated from the whitish to pale yellow-brown or pale reddish-yellow sapwood.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

5

Grain

Straight or interlocked grain is often found in this species.

Texture

The wood is reported to have a coarse texture.

Natural Durability

The wood is reported to be non-durable under tropical conditions.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.57

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.63

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.6

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.5

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Air seasoning is reported to be moderately slow. It takes about 4 months to air dry a board of 40 mm thick.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-D

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.9

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

808

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

117328

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

436

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

72

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

200

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

250

Workability

Sawing

Cutting resistance is generally low.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

It can be peeled to make veneer at a peeling angle of 90 degrees without pretreatment.

Sliced Veneer

It can be peeled to make veneer at a peeling angle of 90 degrees without pretreatment.

Machining

Machining operations are rather easy.

Nailing

This species is reported to have a good nailing behavior.

Gluing

It is reported to be easy to glue.

Finishing

Wood of this species is easy to finish.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers

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