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ESSANG AFANE (Erismadelphus exsul)
Trade Name
Essang afane
Scientific Name
Erismadelphus exsul Mildbr.
Family
VOCHYSIACEAE
Common Names
Essang afane (Gabon); Angoa (Gabon); Bokokwanjube (Cameroon); Afoe bilobi (Cameroon)
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The tree reaches a height of 35 m, with diameters of up to 120 cm. The bole is straight, cylindrical and clear of branches for 16 to 20 m, with thin and low buttresses.
Natural Habitat
Erismadelphus exsul occurs mainly in lowland rain forest, sometimes in small groups or in mixed forest.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits Axial parenchyma in thick bands. Non-crystals in axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands under 4 per mm. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Rays exclusively uniseriate. Silica bodies in the ray cells. All ray cells upright and/or square. Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is pale buff, it is not clearly demarcated.
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked; grain has no particular influence on drying, machining and finishing qualities.
Texture
This wood has a somewhat coarse texture.
Natural Durability
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. Heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Content: Silica presence is reported. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.31
Resistance To Impregnation
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.64
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.72
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
9.8
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
5.6
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is very slow and difficult to perform; defects are frequent. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.7
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
1021
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
163369
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
573
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
74
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
72
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
637
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
731
Workability
Sawing
It is moderately easy to saw.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Not suitable for veneering.
Sliced Veneer
Not suitable for veneering.
Blunting Effect
Severe blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are recommended.
Machining
Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Planing
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Moulding
Easy; no particular problems.
Boring
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortising
Easy; no particular problems.
Nailing
Pre-boring is necessary.
Gluing
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Sanding
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polishing
Needs pre-coating.
Response To Hand Tools
No particular problems.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
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