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ESSANG (Parkia bicolor)
Trade Name
Essang
Scientific Name
Parkia bicolor A.Chev.
Family
LEGUMINOSAE
Common Names
Ugboro (Nigeria); Igba odo (Nigeria); Kongui (Guinea); Lo (Côte d`Ivoire); Essang (Gabon); Ezieb (Congo); Ndembé (Cameroon); Essang (Cameroon); Eseng (Cameroon); Woaglu; Ugboro; Ugbore; Singa; Parkia; Osonkoran; Osho; Ogirili okpi; Mukualukoya; Locust-bean; Lo-hondo; Lo; La pata fouanga; Kwa-ne; Kulenere; Kua-ne; Kakpaja; Ka-kulbei; Igbado; Igba odo; Gworluu; Gumui; Gumni; Etediuku; Esuane; Essang; Dogo; Dego; Dawa-dua; Boh; Boe; Assima; Assama; Asoma; Anandwe
Scientific Name Synonyms
Parkia zenkeri Harms; Parkia agboensis A. Chev.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The tree reaches a height of 32 m. Boles may be up to 10 to 16 m in length, unbuttressed, or with low, thick buttresses. The trunk diameter attains 70 to 170 cm.
Natural Habitat
Parkia bicolor occurs in evergreen and deciduous forests, often by river-banks in regions with good rainfall.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform. Axial parenchyma aliform. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is pale yellow, it is not clearly demarcated.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
6
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Texture
A coarse texture is reported in this species.
Luster
The wood surface is low in luster.
Natural Durability
Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Moderately resistant to termites attack.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Silica Content
Silica Content: It is reported to have a negligible amount of silica. Contents over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Resistance To Impregnation
Difficult to treat with only a low penetration of the preservative products.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.56
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.62
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.7
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
3.4
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is rather slow and sometimes difficult to perform. Drying Defects: Risks of checks and distortions. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed as a reference by comparison with well known species taking into account to the general technological behavior of this species.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
FR-11
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
2.2
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
850
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
157171
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
435
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
51
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
69
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
467
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
570
Workability
Sawing
It is easy to saw.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Suitable for peeling after heat treatment.
Sliced Veneer
Suitable for peeling after heat treatment.
Blunting Effect
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Machining
Machining of this species is reportedly easy.
Planing
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Moulding
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Turning
30
Boring
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Mortising
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Nailing
No particular problem.
Gluing
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Sanding
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polishing
Needs pre-coating.
Response To Hand Tools
No particular problems.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, shutter boards, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, cores, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, cutlery, lasts, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, heavy packing, pallets, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, boat hulls, boat deck, port pillar, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, cigar boxes, shoes, door core, coffin, particleboard, cementboard
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Shutter Boards
- 20 - Prospect: The wood database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Knife Handles
- 33 - Embassy of Gabon in Japan
Lasts
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Heavy Packing
- 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Pallets
- 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Truck Body
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Truck Flooring
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Boat Hulls
- 57 - Estadísticas de Aprovechamiento, Exportación y comercialización Nacional de Productos Forestales
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Pillar
- 61 - Manual de Diseño para Maderas del Grupo Andino
Cigar Box
- 68 - Contribucion al conocimiento de la resistencia mecanica de la madera de peumo
Shoes
- 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Door Cores
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Coffin
- 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market
Particleboard
- 80 - Estudio Integral de la Madera para Construcción
Cementboard
- 81 - Madeiras da Amazônia: descrição do lenho de 40 espécies ocorrentes na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós
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