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FARO (Daniellia oliveri)

Trade Name

Faro

Scientific Name

Daniellia oliveri Hutch. et Dalz

Family

LEGUMINOSAE

Common Names

Gbessi (Sierra Leone); Oziya (Nigeria); pau incenso (Guinea-Bissau); Sandan (Guinea); Shedua (Ghana); Faro (Côte d`Ivoire); Sanan (Burkina Faso); Sana (Burkina Faso); Ogea (United Kingdom); Daniellia (Germany); Bolengu (Zaire); Lonlaviol (Gabon); N'su (Equatorial Guinea); Sinfa N'dola (Congo); Yono; Tschalo; Tieve; Tiene; Thievi; Tachale; Senya; Sanya; Santang; Sandan; Sameim; Sambam; Sa; Pau-insenso; Pau incenso; Oziya ato; Oziya; Ozia; Ozabwa; Ozaba; Owagie; Oulenyi; Osia; Osanyan; Osanya; Nyuo; Nenyao; Masa; Maje; Lipiti; Linge; Kunyang; Kunyan; Kinya; Karallahi; Kaharlahi; Kadaura; Iya; Ilorin balsam; Ilorin; Ila evin; Igi-iya; Engya; Dunchi; Dsati; Dnahi; Daniellia; Danchi; Copaivi balsam; Chihar; Chahar; Bu; Bitoke; Bito; Balsam tree; Auwolo; Ahgara; Agba; African copaiba; African balsam; Abwe; Faro

Scientific Name Synonyms

Paradaniellia oliveri Rolfe

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

The tree reaches a height of 16 to 32 m. The bole is straight and cylindrical, it may be up to 10 m long. The trunk diameter attains from 130 up to 230 cm.

Natural Habitat

Daniellia oliveri is an outstanding tree of the savanna forest, it is often gregarious. Also found in drier types of deciduous forests.

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Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform. Axial parenchyma storied. Occasionally prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/or in fib 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Occasionally prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
  • Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Color

The sapwood is whitish, it has a thickness of 10 to 18 cm. The heartwood is pale pinkish brown to reddish brown with greenish-brown streaks, it is clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine.

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

6

Grain

Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.

Texture

The texture is mostly medium to coarse.

Luster

This wood is commonly of low luster.

Natural Durability

Not durable; important risks of decay attacks at any processing step, from logs up to final products. It must receive preservative treatment. Sensible to termites attack. Heartwood is sensible to Lyctus attacks.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Internal Growth Stresses

For this species no growth stresses are reported.

Resistance To Impregnation

Moderately easy to treat with a partial penetration of the preservative products.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.54

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.59

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

6.6

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

3.3

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: Mersawa air dries very slowly with slight seasoning defects. Boards of 25 mm thick take 7.5 months to air dry. Drying Defects: Cupping and bowing are recorded. Kiln Schedules: Kiln drying is slow but without degrade, although the core of logs of old trees tends to retain a high moisture content.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

FR-5

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

2.0

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

682

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

89529

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

403

Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

47

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

81

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

429

Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)

533

Workability

Sawing

It is easy to saw.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Suitable for peeling if treated.

Sliced Veneer

Suitable for peeling if treated.

Blunting Effect

Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.

Machining

Machining of this species is reportedly easy.

Planing

Easy; no particular problems.

Moulding

Easy; no particular problems.

Boring

Easy; no particular problems.

Mortising

Easy; no particular problems.

Nailing

No particular problem.

Gluing

Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.

Sanding

Easy to perform; it gives good results.

Polishing

Needs pre-coating.

Steam Bending

Steam bending is difficult.

Response To Hand Tools

No particular problems.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, boards, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, PACKING, heavy packing, pallets, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, door core, coffin

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Frames
  • 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
  • 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
  • 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
  • 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
  • 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Common
  • 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
  • 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Heavy Packing
  • 47 - Arvores Brasileiras
Pallets
  • 48 - The strength properties of timbers
Door Cores
  • 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Coffin
  • 78 - Amazonian Timbers for the International Market

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