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HALDU (Haldina cordifolia)
Trade Name
Haldu
Scientific Name
Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale
Family
RUBIACEAE
Common Names
Gaso lastim (Vietnam); Tum kwao (Thailand); Tong lueang (Thailand); Thom (Laos); Khao (Laos); Khvao (Cambodia); Nhing-pen (Myanmar); Nhan-ben (Myanmar); Haldu (India); Yongmaw; Yettega; Yetega; Yeludijamaram; Uaspu mundi; Tikkoe; Thaing; Tekoe; Tarachapa; Siamese kwao; Shangdong; Rudrakadapu; Rudraganapu; Roghu; Phurkhona; Petpuria; Pelpuria; Paspu kadambe; Paspu; O-aw; Manjalkadambai; Manjakadambe; Manja-kadambu; Kwow; Kurumba; Kurmi; Kudwal; Kovao; Komba; Kem; Keli-kadam; Karam; Kanu; Kanapu; Kan-luang; Kamada; Kalamb; Kaim; Kaddam; Kadawar; Kadambu; Honangi; Holonda; Hedu; Heddi; Hedde; Hardu; Gao; Dudagu; Da-kom; Bonglong; Bangka; Bandaru; Arsanatega; Ahnau; Kolon (Sri Lanka); Adina (Philippines); Lasi (Indonesia); Hnaw (Myanmar); Kwao (Thailand); Kwau (Cambodia); Kwao; Gao vang (Vietnam); Haldu (Thailand); Meraga (Malaysia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Nauclea cordifolia Roxb.; Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. f.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a small to medium sized tree, sometimes fairly large, up to 30 to 40 meters, without branches in the first 20 to 25 meters. The average diameters are 110 to 150 cm. The shape of the bole is often fluted, with buttresses.
Natural Habitat
It is reported scattered in deciduous forests in the lowlands and lower hills in Myanmar and Thailand, associated with teak.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 micras or less (very small). Occasionally vessels with colored deposits. Vessels per mm2 5 to 20. Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Occasionally apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vas 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays exclusively uniseriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers very thick walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Odor
It has no odor or taste.
Color
The sapwood is not well differentiated, it is usually yellowish white. The heartwood ranges from lemon-yellow to gray-yellow, becoming very dark reddish yellow to light reddish brown on exposure.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
7
Grain
The grain of this species is mostly straight, but occasionally it is interlocked.
Texture
The texture is fine, with numerous diffuse pores.
Luster
This wood is frequently high in luster.
Natural Durability
The natural durability is moderate. It is resistant to fungi but susceptible to ship-timber beetles.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
3
Resistance To Impregnation
Stock absorbs preservatives readily.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.61
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.67
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.5
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
2.8
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Dries slowly but well. Boards 15 mm thick take about 3.5 months to air dry. Drying Defects: Slight tendency to checking and warping is reported. Kiln Schedules: Schedule suggested for Thitka.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
UK-E; US-T6-D2
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
860
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
94047
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
482
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
92
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
90
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
518
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
640
Workability
Sawing
Sawing of this species is reported to be rather easy.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Lamination of this species is possible, it peels well.
Sliced Veneer
Lamination of this species is possible, it peels well.
Machining
Machining of this species is reported to be easy.
Planing
The wood should be planed with care to avoid picking up of grain.
Moulding
A good behavior in molding is reported.
Turning
30
Finishing
Wood of this species is easy to finish.
Polishing
Polishing of this species is reportedly easy.
Response To Hand Tools
This species is easy to work with hand tools.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, TURNING, SPORTS, TOOLS, agricultural tools, PACKING, CONTAINERS, cooperage, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, pencil, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Sports
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Tools
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Agricultural Tools
- 44 - Atlas of Peruvian Woods
Packing
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Containers
- 50 - Properties of imported tropical woods
Cooperage
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boats
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
Other & Musical Instruments
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Pencils
- 67 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VIII, Calophyllum brasilense, Couratari panamensis, Dendropanax arboreum y Bombacopsis sessilis
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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